Cigaba daga makon jiya
Masanin tarihi Herodotus ya riski Egypt a wajajen shekara ta 460 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S. Ga kuma abinda ya ruwaito a littafi na daya a game da kabilun dake afirka.
“Da akwai kimanin garuruwa dubu ashirin masu dauke da mutane a yankin egypt… Al’ummar afirka ta kunshi kabilu biyu ne mazauna, watau Libiyawa da kuma Bakaken fata (Ethiopiyawa), da kuma Kabilu biyu bak’i, sune Girkawa da Sumeriyawa (Phoenicians)”.
Ashe kenan, daga kafuwar egypt a wajajen shekara ta dubu biyar kafin aiko Annabi Isa A.S, izuwa shekara ta dari hudu da sittin kafin Aiko Annabi Isa A.S (shekaru dubu hudu da dari biyar da arba’in kenan), har garuruwa dubu ashirin sun kafu. Dai-dai kenan da muce duk bayan kimanin kwanaki 81, ko watanni uku, gari daya na samuwa a yankin.
Sai dai gashi, bamu da alkaluman da zasu nuna mana adadin garuruwan da suka kafu a kasar bakin mutum ta ainihi, balle mu lissafa wanda yafi wani habaka a tsakani. Amma dai, hakan na nuna mana cewa kamar yadda dubunnan garuruwa suka wanzu a wancan gari da egypt bai kai tsufan sa ba, haka ma wasu garuruwan sun kafu a daular bakin mutum ta asali.
Halayyar mutumin-da kuma ta matsawa daga nan zuwa can don kafa neman abin bukata tare da kafa gari ke tabbatar mana da kafuwar garuruwa mabambanta.
Tunda ana maganar garin Mazaber ne dake yankin Erithrea asalin gari. A hankali tarihi ya nuna yadda aka rinka fadada izuwa kasar Ethiopia, Somalia har akazo Sudan. ( Kasar da kasar Chadi ce kadai ta raba Nigeria da ita).
Kuma gashi acan ma, daga Libya aka soma, amma sai da farin mutum ya fantsama kasashen Arewacin afirka kamar yadda muka fada a sama. Tabbas, alamomi sun tabbata cewar bakin mutum ya gangaro ne daga ainihin mazaunin sa izuwa makotan ainihin cibiyar sa misalin kasashen afirka ta yamma, kamar yadda itama wayewa, al’adu da salon sarrafa harshe suka gangaro gareshi sannu-a-hankali…
Mutanen Farko Na Yammacin Afirka
Abinda da dai Masani Christopher Ehret yayi hasashe akan k’asashen afirka ta yamma kachokan shine, yankin na dauke da sahara ne shekaru dubu uku kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S. Abinda ke nuna cewa wasu dubunnan shekarun da suka gabata, yankin ya kasance ne cike-da malalen ruwa. Daga baya kenan ruwan ya gusa, saharar ta matsa, sannan mutane suka dira a wuraren.
Koda yake, idan-da mun samu cikakken bayani kan mutanen farko na wannan yanki, da sai muce fahimtar yadda wayewa ke gangarowa shima yana da muhimmanci a garemu. Tayadda zamu iya lissafa lokacin da bakin mutum ya fara dira wadannan yankuna ta hanyar auna wayewar da yazo da ita da kuma wadda daular bakin mutum ke da ita.
Masana dai, sun faɗi cewa gangarowar wayewa na iya kasancewa ta hanyoyi masu yawa, kamar misalin daga iyaye zuwa ‘ya’yaye, ko daga wata alk’arya izuwa wata, da dai sauransu.
Sannan daga binciken kimiyyar da aka gudanar a yankin, an samu wasu alamomi masu nuna alamun rayuwa ta wanzu a wannan guri shekaru masu yawa da suka gabata.
Ga wasu misalan irin su:-
- A shekarar 1943 an samu wasu burbushin katakwaye da burbushin tukwane a wani Kogon dutse dake garin ‘Samun dukiya’ na k’aramar hukumar Jaba ta jihar Kaduna. Masana sun auna jimawar kayayyakin da aka samu, sun kuma yi hasashen daɗewar su ta riskar wa shekara ta 1000BC (kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S.) Masani Bernard Fagg shine wanda ya binciko abubuwan yayin da suke aikin hak’o ma’adinai a wurin.
- An samu ɓurɓushin masana’antar sarrafa tama da k’arafa a gefen wani tsauni dake yankin Azbin, jihar Agadez na jamhuriyar Niger. Binciken masana ya nuna cewa wajen masana’antar sarrafa tama ne, wanda ya wanzu kimanin shekaru dubu uku zuwa dubu biyu da ɗari biyar kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S.
Masani Christopher Ehret ne ya binciko su, an kuma rubuta rahoton binciken a littafin ‘The cibilizations of Africa’, shafi na 136.
- Haka nan, an samu wasu sassak’en mutum-mutumai da tukwane gami da wata guntuwar wuka da aka kera da k’arfe a wani yanki mai suna ‘Taruga’ dake kusa da kauyen ‘Takushara’, kimanin nisan kilomita sittin a kudu maso gabashin birnin tarayya Abuja.
Kayayyakin binciken kimiyyar auna shekaru sun auna cewa abubuwan da aka samu ɗin sun wanzu ne tun a wajajen shekara ta dari biyar kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S, izuwa shekara ta dari biyu miladiyya. Hasashen masanan ya kuma nuna cewar ainihin wurin danshi ne, yana dauke kuma da dogayen bishiyoyi masu nagarta wajen yin katakwaye. Sai ake hasashen wannan abu ne ya janyo mutane suka rayu a wurin, sannan kuma ake hasashen watakila bushewar wurin data auku daga baya, shine sanadin tashin al’ummar wurin izuwa yankin kudu. A yanzu haka, wasu na ganin k’abilun Igala, Nupe, yoruba da Igbo duk tsatso ne daga waccan al’umma data rayu a Taruga na yankin Abuja.
Idan kuwa har wannan abu gaskiya ne, ana iya cewa wata daula ta wanzu kenan a wurin wadda ta shafe kimanin shekaru ɗari bakwai tana rayuwa kafin daga bisani ta fashe tare da fantsama izuwa sauran wurare.
Wannan bayani dai yana nan a shafi na 433 na littafin ‘The Archeology of Africa: Food, Metals and Towns’ na Thurstan Shaw.
- Akwai maganar Samun wani mutum-mutumin da wasu ɓuraguzai a garin ‘katsina Ala’ dake jihar Benue ma. Masanin akiyoloji Bernand Fagg Ebelyn yayi hasashen mutum-mutumin siffar mutanen da suka gabaci mutanen ne, ko kuma siffar iskokai (aljannu) ake nufi dashi.
Sauran abubuwan kuma, lissafin masana akiyoloji ya sanya su a wuraren shekara ta dubu daya kafin aiko Annabi Isa A.S.
- An samu wasu alamomin rayuwa a garin Jos waɗanda shekarun su ya tasamma dubu ɗaya kafin aiko Annabi Isa A.S. Masana da yawa sunyi hasashen waɗancan mutane da suka zauna a tsohuwar Jos, da kuma wasu shigen su da akaga alamun su akan dutsen Kwatarkwashi dake Yankin Zamfara a yau, shekaru dubu uku da suka gabata, Sune asalin zuriyar da k’abilun Hausa, Birum, kanuri, Nupe da Jukun suka samo tsatso daga garesu.
- Sannan akwai binciken da farfesa Yusuf Adamu na jami’ar Bayero dake kano ya bamu labarin suna gudanarwa tare da abokan aikin sa a yankin Daura, inda suma suke bin diddigin wasu alamomin rayuwar mutanen-da, wadanda ake hasashen sun rayu a wurin kimanin shekaru dubu huɗu da suka gabata daga yanzu.
Baya da haka, akwai labarin baka da mazauna garin Auyo suka bayar na cewa garin ya samu kafuwa tun zamanin Annabi Musa A.S (kimanin shekara ta dubu da dari hudu kafin zuwan Annabi Isa A.S.).
Duk wadannan misalai ne dake nuna gangarowar bakin mutum shekaru masu yawa da suka gabata.
Tarihin waɗancan mutane ya ɓace ne saboda rashin rubutu. Watakila hakan na nufin mutanen da suka gangaro waɗannan yankuna mafarauta ne da sauran masu bukata a yankin waɗanda muna iya cewa basu koyi ilimai ba, ko kuma sunyi wofi da iliman da suka koya. Tunda bincike ya nuna cewa akwai ilimi na karatu da rubutu a tsohuwar daular bakar fata data wanzu a Merwa tun a wancan zamani.
Watakila dai zuzzurfan bincike akan tarihin kwararowar ilimai da wayewa, sauyawar al’adu, k’wayoyin halitta da sauyawar harasa sune zasu bada damar fahimtar yadda asalin kabilun mu da al’adun mu suke tun da farko.
Cigaba a makon gobe.
