Wannan salon fassara ne da bay a la’akari da zuzzurfar ma’anar kalmomi da jimloli. Salo ne da yake daukar ma’ana ta waje. Sannan ba ya la’akari da yadda kalmomi suke sauya ma’ana a cikin jimloli daban-daban, wato ma’anar da kalma ta shahara da ita ake dauka kai tsaye ba tare da tunanin wani
sauyi ba Sarbi (2008:89-90). Wannan kuwa ya saya wa nazarin ma’ana da dukkan harsuna. Saboda ta fuskar ma’ana kalmomi suna sauyawa gwargwadon irin jimlolin da aka gina da su. Misali, kalmar Zafi da takwararta Hit da kuma dauka da takwararta taking wato daukar Zafi da taking Hit, kamar a ce: Ya dauki zafi.
Wannan jimla tana da ma’anoni akalla biyu. Idan mutum ne yake magana sannan ya dauki zafi, to ana nufin, he talks loudly, successibely and successfully. Idan kuwa mot ace ta dauki zafi, to ana nufin, the driber is bery fast/speedy. Kuma sai a lura cewa, dangane da mota, waccan jimla ba ma’anarta daya da mota ta yi zafi ba, domin idan mota ta yi zafi, wannan na nufin the engine is hot. Kenan, watakila akwai
matsala ga lagireto ko fanka. Saboda irin wannan sauyin ma’ana da kalmomi suke samu a cikin jimloli, ya sa wannan salo na fassara yake da cikas.
Domin matukar ba za a yi la’akari da irin wannan sauyi ba, to sau da yaw aba za a mayar da daidaitacciyar ma’ana ko makusanciyar ma’ana cikin harshen fassara ba. Shi ne ya sa ake ganin cewa wannan salon fassarar da’na kalma da kalma; duka tafiyarsu daya. Bambancin da yake tsakaninsu kawai shi ne, shi wannan salon (fassara kai tsaye) ba ya la’akari da yawan kalmomin da suke tushen fassara, balle ma a yi tunanin daidaituwar yawansu da na harshen fassara. To amma dai salon yana yin la’akari da ma’anar kalmoni da jimloli ta waje ce kurum wato ta fili misali:
Hausa: Zazzabin ya ci karfinsa
Ingilishi: The feber ate his strength. Maimakon:
Ingilishi: The feber weighed him down.
Koda yake ana iya fahintar bayana da aka fassara da wannan salo, amma tilas
za a fahinci cewa asalin sakon ba a wannan harshen yake ba, wato za a gane
cewa fassara ce aka yi. Ingantacciyar fassara kuwa, ba a iya gano harshen
da yake kunshe da bayani na asali.
Misali:
Hausa: Cika bakinsa zai kais shi ya haro
Ingilishi: His mouth filling takes him and leabes him there.
Duk wanda yake fahintar Hausa da Ingilishi, nan take zai iya gane cewa an
yi fassarar ce daga Hausa zuwa ingilishi amma ba daga Ingilishi zuwa Hausa
- Idan kuwa mai fassara y ace: His ostentatious speech will put him into
trouble, to da wahala a gane wane harshe ne tushen fassara kuma wanne ne
harshen fassara. Hakan ya kasance ne saboda an yi amfani da kowane harshe a
bias al’adarsu.
Ana iya amfani da salon fassara kai tsaye wajen fassara wasu jimloli,
gajeru da ma dogwaje. Misali:
Hausa: Zan ci abincina da safe.
Ingilishi: I will eat my food in the morning.
Hausa: Ku zo mu tafi kasuwa.
Ingilishi: Come, let us go to the market.
Kodayake ana iya fassara gajeru da dogwayen ta yin amfani da fassara kai
tsaye, duk da haka, yawancin jimloli, saukaka da tsaurara, bas a fassaruwa
ta wannan salo. Misali:
Ingilishi: See you later
Hausa: Zan gan ka am jima (= sa anjima)
Ka ga a nan jimla ta cikin tushen fassara tana da ma’ana, kuma turken
ma’anarta shi ne yin bankwana. Kodayake ita ma jimlar harshen fassara tana
da ma’ana, amma tana da harshen damo kamar haka:
Za mu hadu idan an jima
Zan sallame ka ko Zan b aka wani abu idan an jima
Hakika, babu daya daga cikin su da ma’anarta ta yi daidai da ma’anar tushen
fassara. Ko kusa ma ba ta yi ba. Sai dai a ce:
Sai an jima. Ko sai mum gaisa ko Allah y aba mu alheri.
Idan a yi amfani da fassara kai tsaye ga saukakan jimloli kuma an kasa
samun ingantaccen sakamako, wannan ya nuna cewa ko kadan ba za a yi amfani
da salon ba wajen fassara maganganun hikima. Idan kuwa har aka yi amfani da
shi, to ba za a taba samun ko da makusanciyar ma’ana ba balle ma
daidaitacciya. Saboda kalmomin da suke cikin maganar hikima suna sauya
ma’anonin da aka san su da su, zuwa wasu ma’anonin daban. Shi kuwa salon
fassara kai tsaye yana yin la’akari ne da ma’anar daidaikun kalmomi kamr
yadda aka san su maimakon ya yi la’akari da su a jimlace kuma bias al’adar
masu harshen. Misali:
Bai yanke hukunci ba sai da ya ciza ya busa
Idan za a yi fassara kai tsaye sai a ce:
He passed the judgment after he chewed and blew
Ana ganin za a yi samun wata ma’ana a wannan jimla ta harshen fassara. To
sai dai ba za ta yi daidai da wadda take cikin tushen fassara ba. Saboda
an yi fassarar ce kai tsaye, wato ba tare da ginawa ko yin amfani da zabin
kalmomin ba. Zai fi dacewa a ce:
He passed the judgment after critical constitution.
Ga alama shi ne ya sa Nida (1969) ya bayyana cewa wajibi ne mai fassara ya
bi wasu matakai uku domin kauce wa fassara kai tsaye, ba tare da gina zabi
- Mataki na farko shi ne, bayyana harsunan da fassara ta shafa, (ko da
kuwa a zuci ne). Sai dai kafin mai fassara ya iya yin irin wannan bayani
Nida (1969) ya ce wajibi ne ya kware da harsunan biyu kuma ya san al’adun
masu harsunan sannan ya fahinci irin yadda kalmomi suke sauyawa a tsakanin
harsuna biyu. Misali:
Dangantakar ta yi tsami: A Ingilishi tsami na nufin sour to amma duk wanda
ya kware da Ingilishi babu dama ya ce:
The relationship is sour. Sai dai ya ce:
The relationship is bitter. Duk kuwa da cewa kalmomin biyu, tsami a Hausa da kuma daci a Ingilishi kishiyoyin juna ne. Amma sai su bayyana cikin Hausa da Ingilishi kowaccensu domin bayyana cewa, dangantakar ta sukurkuce/Ba a jituwa. Kenan kowacce daga cikin kalmomin biyu ta samu sauyin ma’ana gwargwadon bukata. (A duba Sarbi, 2005:135).
Armstrong (2005:147) ya bayyana cewa, Binary da Darbelnet suna ganin salon fassara kai tsaye ba zai aiwatu ba. Shi kuwa Armstrong, a wannan shafin dai, nunawa ya yi cewa rashin yin amfani da salon a fagen fassara tushe ne na matsalolin fassara. Amma Sarbi (2008) gani yake yi za a iya yin fassara
kai tsaye, to amma ba a kowane lokaci/yanayi ba. Akwai bayanan da ba za su fassaru daidai ba ta wannan hanya. Sannan kuma duka bayanan da za a iya fassarawa da salon fassara kai tsaye za su fassaru da salon fassara mai yanci. Saboda haka yin watsi da salon fassara kai tsaye ba zai haifar da
kowace irin matsala ba.
