Jamal Abdul Nasser: Tsohon Shugaban Masar Da Ya Zama Sadaukin Afirka

Bayyanar hotunan Shugaba Jamal Abdul Nasir a “dandalin Tahrir” a farko-farkon juyin-juya-halin watan Janairu, 2011 a hannayen matasan da ba su yi zamani daya da shi ba, hasali ma an haife su ne bayan wafatinsa da shekaru sama da talatin bai zo da ba-zata- ba.

Babu shakka wannan shi ne Jamal Abdul Nasir (ko Nasir), shugaban Misrawa da mutanen Afrika, wanda shi ne ya daga taken: “Ya dan uwana, ka daga kanka sama, zamanin zalunci da mulkin kama-karya ya shude” a lokacin da ya jagoranci juyin-juya-halin 23, ga watan Yuli, 1952, juyin da ya zamo wata gaba ce, ba wai kawai a tarihin Misra ba, a’a, har ma a tarihin yankinmu na Afrika baki daya; domin shi ne ya bude kofa ga juyin-juya-hali masu yawa da aka samu, ya kuma share fage ga samun ‘yancin- kan mafi yawan kasashen Afrika.

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Saboda irin gudummuwar da ya bayar wajen samun ‘yancin kan mafi yawan kasashen Afrika ne aka yi masa lakabi da “Baban Afrika”, miliyoyin Afrikawa ne suke son wannan dan tahaliki har zuwa wannan lokaci.

Babu wani babban birni a kasashen Afrika da babu titi da yake dauke da sunansa. Mutun-mutuminsa kuwa ya yadu a manyan dandula masu yawa na Afrika, na karshe-karshen nan shi ne wanda yake a garin “Johannesburg” na kasar Afrika ta Kudu, wanda babban gwarzon Afrika Nelson Mandela ya yaye wa kallabi da kansa, a gaban iyalan shugaba Jamal Abdul Nasir da Mandela ya gayyace su domin ya bayyana matsayinsa a zukatan ‘yan Afrika.

Lokacin da Afrika ta Kudu ta sami nasarar amincewa da ta tsara wasan cin kofin Afrika, bayan ta yi takara da Misra, Mandela ya yi karin bayani da cewa:

“Da a ce Abdul Nasir yana raye da babu wanda zai yi karfin-halin yin takara da kasar Misra, koda kuwa a mafi daraja da girman takara ce”.

Rawar Da Ya Taka A Afrika:

Tsawon lokacin mulkinsa ya yi duk abin da zai iya wajen ganin kasar Misra ta bayar da gudummuwa mai girma wajen ci gaban kasashen Afrika, hakan ya sanya kasar Misra ta bude ofisoshi 52 na kamfanoni guda uku da suke aiki a kan harkar kasuwancin kasa da kasa, kamfanonin su ne: “Nasr Company for Edport and Import” wato kamfanin shigowa da fitar da kayayyaki na Nasr wanda shi ne ke da kaso mai tsoka a cikin wannan fagen, da “Misr Company for International Trade”, da Misr Company for Edport and Import”. Wadannan kamfanoni sun taka-rawa mai muhimmanci wajen tallata kayayyakin da ake san’anta su a Misra a cikin yankin Afrika, abin da ya karfafa dangantakar da Misra take da ita a Afrika.

Gudummuwar da Misra ta bayar a zamanin Abdul Nasir ta yi tasiri matuka wajen karfafa, da goyon bayan da kasashen Afrika suka samu a tarurrukan kasa da kasa, abin da ya bai wa kasashe 51 damar samun ‘yancin kai, da kuma zama mambobi a majalisar Dinkin Duniya da a lokacin akwai kujeru 52 ne a cikinta, na Afrika daga cikin su ne na kasashe tara da suka sami ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960.

 A dalilin haka ne Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ware rana ta musamman ta kira ta da sunan “Ranar Afrika”, wannan rana ita ce 25 ga watan Mayu na kowace shekara.

Tasowarsa:

An Haifi Shugaba Jamal Abdul Nasir a garin As’kandariyya “Aledandria” gab da faruwar juyin- juyi- halin 1919 da ya girgiza kasar Misra baki daya, ya kuma tabo zukatan daukacin Misrawa, abin da ya kunna wutar neman sauyi da kuma kishin kasa a cikin zukatansu, ya kuma dasa ruhin gwagwarmaya da ‘yan mulkin mallaka.

Asalinsa dan yankin “Sa’id Misra” ne, daga kauyen “Bani Mur” a Jihar Asyud, danginsu sun fito ne daga masu matsakaicin halin rayuwa, su ba talakawa can ba, ba kuma masu hannu da shuni ba, kamar dai yadda miliyoyin Misrawa suke.

Rayuwarsa A Aikin Soji:

Shugaba Jamal Abdul Nasir ya sami shaidar gama sakandire daga makarantar “An- Nahdhatun Misriyya” da take birnin Alkahira (a shekara 1356 BH- 1937 BM).

A lokacin, ya so ya ci gaba da karatunsa a bangaren dokoki “Faculty of Law”, sai dai daga baya ya dauki matakin shiga kwalejin koyon aikin soja. Bayan ‘yan watannin da ya yi yana koyon harkar shari’a “Law”, da bayan ya kammala samun horonsa a kwalejin horas da Soji ne (a shekara 1357 BH – 1938 BM), sai aka tura shi bataliya ta uku ta sanin kimiyyar bindiga, daga nan kuma aka mayar da shi Asyud: a can ne ya hadu da Anwar Sadat da Zakariyya Muhyiddin.

A shekarar 1939 aka mayar da shi As’kandariyya, a kuma can ne ya hadu da Abdul Hakim Amir, wanda ya kammala kwalejin horas da sojoji bayan su Abdul Nasir.

A shekarar 1942 aka tura shi bataliyar malaman sojoji, bai kuma dade ba aka tura shi Sudan shi da Amir, bayan dawowarsu an dauke shi a matsayin cikakken malami a kwalejin horas da sojoji, daga nan har aka mayar da shi kwalejin horas da kwamandojin yaki, a kuma can ne ya hadu da abokan gwagwarmayarsa da suka hadu suka kafa “Kungiyar manyan sojoji masu ‘yanci”.

Tasirin wannan kungiya ya fara bayyana ne a tsakankanin 1945 zuwa 1947, inda mafi yawan mambobinta su ne suka zamo masu gudanar da wannan kungiya, wurin da suke ayyukansu duka suna kusa da birnin Alkahira.

Kungiyar Juyin – Juya- Hali:

A shekarar 1948 ne ayyukan wannan kungiya na gwagwarmaya suka bayyana karara, domin mafi yawan mambobinta sun halarci yakin Palasdinawa da aka yi.

Shugaba Jamal Abdul Nasir ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa kungiyar (P.L.O), (wato kungiyar neman ‘yancin Palasdinawa) a shekarar 1964, da kuma kafa kungiyar ‘yan ba-ruwanmu ta kasa da kasa wato “Non-Aligned States”.

Shugaba Jamal Abdul Nasir ya sami kwarewa a fagen soji da siyasa sakamakon darussa masu yawa da ya halarta a kasashen duniya, hakan ya sanya shi ya zamo mai saurin tasirantuwa da abubuwan da suke faruwa na siyasa a duniya musamman na kasashen Larabawa, ya dauki izna daga yakin duniya na biyu, da kuma juyin mulkin da Bakar Sudki Basha ya jagoranta a kasar Iraki, wanda shi ne juyin- mulki na farko a kasashen Larabawa a shekarar 1936, haka ma ya dauki izina daga zanga-zangar da Rashid Aliy al-Kailani ya yi wa Turawan Ingila da masu goya masu baya a shekarar 1941 a kasar Iraki, da ma yadda Musaddak ya mayar da man fetur din Iran zuwa ga hannun ‘yan kasa a shekara 1951.

Juyin – juya – halin ranar 23 ga watan Yuli, 1952 ya faru ne sakamakon gazawar da Sarki Faruk ya fuskanta a cikin al’amurran da suka shafi siyasar cikin gida da na kasashen waje ba juyin mulki ba ne, kamar yanda wasu suke riyawa, musamman rashin daidaiton da ya sami kansa a ciki game da dangantakar Misra da kasashen duniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu tsakanin kasashen da suke tare da yakin da kuma daya bangaren, a cikin gida kuma cin-hanci da rashawa ya yi katutu a ko’ina cikin ma’aikatun hukuma.

Wadannan abubuwa su ne suka tunzura “kungiyar manyan sojoji masu ‘yanci” karkashin shugabansu na farko Muhammad Najib wanda ya zamto shi ne farkon shugaban Misra daga baya.

Ba a jima ba sai shugabanci ya dawo hannun Jamal Abdul Nasir a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba, 1954. Shi ne ya jagoranci kulla yarjejeniya da kasar Ingila na ta janye sojojinta daga a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoba, 1954, bayan an yi wata yarjejeniyar tsakanin Misra da Ingila ta bai wa Sudan ‘yancin kai.

 Ya sami nasarar hade kasar Misra da Kasar Siriya su zamo kasa daya al’umma daya a shekarar 1958, inda sunansu ya zamo “United Republic of Arab”, hadakar da ta warware sakamakon juyin mulkin da aka yi a Siriya a shekarar 1961.

Shugaba Abdul Nasir bai debe kauna da hadin-kan Larabawa ba, domin a Shekarar 1964 ma ya jagorancin a samar da hadaka tsakanin Iraki da Siriya, amma rasuwar shugaban Iraki na lokacin Fid- marshal Abdussalam Arif a 1966 ya sanya abin ya dan yi sanyi, sai kuma yakin 1967 ya zamo cikas din da ya kawo karshen wannan mafarki na hadewa.

A shekarar 1967 ne Larabawa suka sami rashin nasara a yakin da suka yi da Isra’ila, wannan rashin nasarar ta sanya shugaba Jamal Abdul Nasir yunkurin sauka daga mukaminsa, sai dai al’ummar kasar sun fito kwansu da kwarkwatansu sun yi zanga-zangar rashin amincewa da matakin da yake son ya dauka na yin murabus, inda suka umurce shi da ci-gaba da jagorancinsu zuwa tudun mun tsira.

Manyan Ayyukan Da Ya Gabatar:

Shugaba Abdul Nasir ya gabatar wa al’ummar kasarsa da na Afrika da ayyuka masu tarin yawa, kadan daga ciki su ne:

Hadewa tsakanin Misra da Siriya a matsayin kasa daya al’umma daya daga (1958 zuwa 1961)

Yunkurin samar da hadewa tsakanin Siriya da Irak a 1964.

Jagorantar kafa kungiyar ‘yan ba-ruwanmu “Non-Aligned States” tare da shugaban Yugoslabiya “Tito” da na Indonesia “Sokarto”.

Jagorantar Kafa Kungiyar Taimakekeniyar Kasashen Musulmi a 1969.

Kamar yadda a cikin gida ma:

Ya mayar da Suwais Canal da bankunan kasashen waje zuwa ga Misrawa..

Gina babban Dam din “Sad’ul Aliy” a kogin Nilu, abin da ya kawo karshen ambaliyar da ake yi a duk shekara.

Samar da “Buhairatu Nasir”, babban tafkin da ya fi girma a duniya, wanda sana’anta shi aka yi.

Samar da yarjejeniya domin ficewar sojojin Ingila daga Misra.

Mayar da ilimi kyauta ga daukacin ‘yan kasa.

Karfafa harkokin sana’a da samar da ayyukan yi, inda a zamaninsa aka gina kamfanoni sama da 3,600 a kasar. Wadannan su ne wasu daga cikin muhimman ayyukan da ya gabatar a ciki da wajen kasar Misra.

Har ila yau, wani abin da tarihi ba zai taba mantawa da Jamal Abdul Nasir ba shi ne, ya yi aiki sosai da Shehun Musuluncin nan, Sheikh Ibrahim Inyass wajen ciyar da Musulunci da Afirka gaba. Bisa shawarar Sheikh Ibrahim Inyass, Jamal Abdul Nasir ya jogaranci samar da karatun Alkur’ani mai girma a kaset na rediyo wanda shahararren mai karatun Alkur’anin nan, Sheikh Khalil Khusari ya karanta.

Ya kara yaukaka zumunci a tsakanin Larabawa da Bakaken Fata, har ta kai ga yakan nemi shawarar abubuwa da yawa daga Sheikh Ibrahim Inyass duk da kasancewarsa bakar fata daga Kasar Senigal.

Shugaba Jamal Abdul Nasir ya rasu a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba, 1970, sai dai soyayyarsa ta riga ta sami wurin zama a cikin zukatan Misrawa da mutanen Afrika, sakamakon irin rawar da ya taka wajen ci gaban kasarsa da samun ‘yancin kan yankin Afrika gaba daya.