Azumin watan Ramadana wajibi ne ga dukkan Musulmi baligi mai lafiya ba mara lafiya ba, wajibcin azumi kamar yadda Allah ya fada acikin Al’kur’ani da fadarsa yana cewa: “Ya ku Muminai Allah Ya wajabta muku yin azumi kamar yadda ya wajabta ma wadanda suka zo kafin ku, ko za ku ji tsoron Ubangijinku.
Kwanaki ne kididdigaggu, wanda ya kasance a cikinku bai da lafiya ko kuma yana kan tafiya, to ya rama abin da ya kubuce masa a wasu ranakun, wadanda kuma ba za su iya yin azumin ba, to su ciyar da Miskinai, amma wanda yake da damar ciyar da miskinai da yawa, to ya yi alkairi ne a wajenshi, lallai yin azumin ya fi alkairi a gare ku, idan kun san wannan alkairin da ke cikin azumin.
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“Lallai watan Ramadana da aka saukar da Alkur’ani a cikinshi, shiriya ne ga mutane, sannan kuma akwai ayoyi bayyanannu a cikinshi masu shiryarwa zuwa ga Allah da bayyana hukunce-hukunce. Duk wanda ya halarci ganin watan to ya azumce shi, wanda kuma bai da lafiya ko kuma yana kan tafiya, to ya biya abin da ya tsere masa a cikin sauran wasu ranakun, Allah sauki yake nema daga wurinku ba wahalarwa ba, Allah yana son ku cika adadin azumin, sannan yana son ku yi masa kirari daga abin da ya shiryar da ku, ko za ku gode masa?”.
Allah ya saukar da mafificin Littafi (Alkur’ani) a cikin watan Ramadana, a mafificin dare (Lailatul Kadri).
An karba daga Abdullahi bin Abbas, Allah ya yarda da su, yake cewa “Allah Ya saukar da Alkur’ani daga Lauhil Mahfuzi izuwa saman Duniya (a cikin Ramadana aka saukar da Alkur’ani daga Lauhil Mahfuzi zuwa saman Duniya, a dakin Baitul ilimi), Mala’ika Jibril (AS) shi kuma daga nan yake debo ayoyinsa zuwa ga Annabi (SAW), sai da ya shafe shekaru 23 yana kan wannan aikin.
An karba daga Wa’ilatu bin Asda’in ya karba daga manzon Allah SAW ce wa an saukar da littattafan Annabi Ibrahim AS a daren farko na watan Ramadana; Littafin Attaurar Annabi Musa AS, ta sauka a daren bakwai na watan Ramadana; Injilar Annabi Isa AS ta sauka 13 ga watan Ramadana; sai Alkur’anin Annabi Muhammad SAW ya sauka daren 14 ga watan Ramadana.
Abdullahi bin Abbas ya ce, Annabi SAW ya fada wa wata Mata daga cikin Mutanen Madina cewa idan Ramadana ya zo, ta je ta yi Umra, domin yin Umra acikin watan Ramadana daidai yake da aikin Hajji, Nasa’i ya ruwaito Hadisin.
Abdulrahman bin Auf, ya ce, Manzon Allah SAW ya ce “Innallaha farada siyamu ramadana alaikum, wa sanantu lakum kiyamuhu, faman samahu wa kamahu imanan wahtisaban, kharaja min zunubihi ka yaumi waladat’hu Ummuhu – Allah ya farlanta muku yin Azumin watan Ramadana, ni kuma na sunnanta muku yin Sallollin tarawihi na dare a cikinshi, duk wanda ya azumce shi kuma ya yi ibada a cikinshi don Imani da neman leda, zai fita daga cikin watan Ramadana an yafe mishi zunubansa kamar yadda mahaifiyarshi ta haife shi.” Ya zama kamar sabon haihuwa bai da zunubi ko kadan.
Azumi ya wajaba kan Musulmi, Da ba bawa ba, baligi mai lafiya, amma ba laifi a dinga koya wa yara yin azumin. Mara lafiya da Matafiyi da mai Haila da mai Jinin biki za su rama azumin da ya kubuce musu. Amma tsoho wanda ba zai iya azumtar azumin ba da fursuna da aka yanke wa hukuncin zaman gidan yari har abada sannan kuma akwai aiki mai wuya da aka dora masa kullum, su wadannan azumi ya fadi a kansu. In suna da hali, su dinga ciyarwa.
Mace mai Juna-biyu da mai Shayarwa, su rama azumin in za su iya ko su ciyar.
An karba daga Anas, ya ce, Annabi SAW ya ce “ku dinga yin Sahur, domin shi yin Sahur akwai albarka ac ikinsa.“ ba burgewa ba ce mutum ya dinga cewa ‘ai ni ban yin sahur’ albarka mai yawa ta wuce shi.
An karba daga Sahlu dan Sa’adu Allah ya kara yarda da shi ya ce, Manzon Allah SAW ya ce “Mutane ba za su gushe ba cikin alkairi muddin sun gaggauta yin buda-baki” Ma’anar wannan hadisi, sabida Allah ya fada cikin Alkur’ani “summa atimmus siyama ilallai – sannan ku cika azumi zuwa dare” sai Annabi ya koya mana sunnarshi zuwa dai-dai lokacin da ya dace na buda-bakin (ba cikin dare Allah yake nufi ba), sai Annabi SAW ya bayyana da fadarsa ku gaggauta yin buda baki – da rana ta fadi, an sha ruwa.
Manzon Allah SAW ya kasance in an sha ruwa yana fara bude baki ne da addu’a inda yake cewa “Allahumma laka sumtu wa ala rizkika afdartu – Ya Allah a gareka nake Azumi kuma cikin arzikinka nake buda-baki” mai azumi cikin hadarar Allah yake don haka a wurin mai arziki mai azumi yake shan ruwa.
An karba daga Abi Zaidil Gifari ya daga hadisin zuwa ga Annabi SAW yace “Ma zala Ummati bi khairin ma anta … – Al’ummata ba za ta gushe ba tana cikin alkairi matukar tana yin buda-baki sannan kuma ta jinkirta sahur”. Shi buda-baki ana son gaggautawa, sahur kuma ana son jinkirtawa zuwa karshen dare.
An karba daga Abdullahi bin Maz’unu yana cewa Sahabban Manzon Allah SAW sun kasance mafi gaggawar mutane buda-baki sannan mafi jinkirin mutane sahur. Baihaki ne ya ruwaito hadisin da sanadinsa ingantacce.
Abu Dawud ya ce, Abu Abdullahi ya ce “Idan Mutum ya yi kokonto cikin alfijir to ya yi ta cin abincinsa har sai ya sakankance alfijir ya futo.” Wannan ita ce nasabar Abdullahi bin Abbas da Adda’u da Auza’i da Ahmadu bin Hambali.
An karba daga Anas Allah ya kara yarda da shi ya ce “Manzon SAW ya kasance yana buda-baki da danyen dabino, in ba a samu danye ba sai ya yi da busassshe idan ba a samu ba sai ya sha ruwa kadan”. Abi Dawud da Tirmizi suka ruwaito Hadisin. Addinin Musulunci balaraben addini ne, dabino yana daga cikin alamun addinin musulunci don haka ya dace gwamnati ta kula da sana’ar dabino musammam lokacin azumin watan Ramadan. Sabida wannan dabinon da muke buda baki da shi, ba musan shekararsa nawa da yanko shi kasa ba.
Amma akwai wata hikima da ake yi wajen maida busassshen dabino zuwa danyen dabino. Da safe, sai mutum ya dibo iya wanda zai yi buda baki da shi, ya wanke dabinon, sai ya nemo ruwan zafi, ya jika a ciki sai ya kulle robar da ya jika dabinon zuwa lokacin buda-bakin.
An karba daga Abi Huraira Allah ya kara yarda da shi, shi kuma ya karba daga Manzon Allah SAW ya ce “Azumi ba wai barin ci da sha ne kawai azumi ba, azumi barin maganar batsa da maganar da ba ta dace ba, idan wani ya zage ka ko ya dame ka, to ka ce masa ni ina azumi”, Hakim ya ce ingataccen hadisi ne.
“Manzon Allah SAW ya ce duk wanda bai bar gulma da kagen karya da kitsa sharri ba a azumi, Allah ba shi da wata bukata da azuminsa.”
Ya zo daga Annabi SAW Yana cewa “da yawa wasu ba su da Ladan azumi sai dai wahalar kishirwa da shan yunwa kawai, da yawa mutum ke sallar dare amma ba su da ladan sallar sai dai wahalar tsayuwa kawai.” Hadisin Ingatacce ne abisa sharadin Bukhari.
Asiwaki da kyauta da yawaita karatun Alkur’ani da yawaita ibadu a cikin watan Ramadan duk Allah yana son hakan musamman a goman karshe ta watan.
Ya zo acikin ingatattun hadisai daga Amiru yana cewa “da yawa naga Annabi SAW ba daya ba biyu ba kai ba za su kidayu ba yana yin asiwaki kuma yana cikin azumi.”
Sayyada A’isha uwar Muminai ita kuma ta saukaka ta ce mutum zai iya sa abun kamshin baki a bakinsa, don bakin ya zama ba ya wari ya yi kamshi, sabida su Larabawa al’adarsu suna sumba, sharadi dai kar ya shiga makogoro. Wannan ijtihadi ne na Sayyada A’isha. Mace mai girki ta iya dandanar gishiri sai ta tofar ko mai sana’a irin wacce sai an dandana ake gane ingancin sana’ar, za su iya dandanawa sai su zubar. Haka mai alwala, in ya tofar da ruwan bakinsa sau uku, abin da ya biyo baya ba ruwa ba ne, miyau ne.
Bukharii ya ruwaito daga Abdullahi bin Abbas cewa Manzon Allah SAW shi ne mafi kyautar mutane amma babban lokacin kyautar Manzon Allah SAW ita ce Ramadan, lokacin da Mala’ika Jibrilu ke zuwa su yi musaffar Alkur’ani.
Duk abin da Mala’ikah Jibrilu ya zo wa Annabi da shi a wannan shekara, to sai sun yi musaffar wannan Karatun a watan Ramadan. Sabida haka ne Annabi SAW yake ninka kyautarsa a watan Ramadan.
An ruwaito daga Sayyada A’isha ta ce Annabi SAW idan goman karshen watan Ramadan ta shigo yana raya daren duka.
Mai azumi zai iya shiga Shawa ya yi wanka, zai iya shiga kogi matukar ruwa ba zai shiga cikinsa ba, mai azumi zai iya zuba ruwa akansa don ya ji sauki, kuma zai iya kuskure bakinsa. Ba laifi don an yi kiran sallar fitowar alfijir, mutum ya yi wankan Janabah. Bai bata masa azumi ba, wanda ya yi mafarkin saduwar aure da rana a watan azumi. Wanda ruwa ya kubuce masa lokacin alwala, azuminsa bai lalace ba, amma zai rama daya bayan Ramadan. Kurar kan hanya ba za ta bata wa mutum azumi ba, duk abin kasuwancin da sai an dandana ake gane ingancin shi, dandanawar ba za ta karya azumin ba.
Abin da ke karya azumi sun hada da: janyo amai da gangan, zuwan haila, zuwan haihuwa, janyo maniyyi da gangan, ci ko sha daga fitowar alfijir zuwa faduwar rana, saduwa da iyali daga futowar alfijir zuwa faduwar Rana.
Mutum wanda zai ba da zakkar buda-kai zai iya yin ta yanzun (farkon azumi) ya bai wa talakan da bai da dama don ya samu abun buda-baki da shan ruwa.
