A kwanakin nan, wasu kafofin watsa labaru sun gabatar da labarin cewa, Anil Sooklal, manzon kasar Afirka ta Kudu mai kula da aikin tsarin kasashen BRICS, ya ce wasu kasashe 25 zuwa 30 sun riga sun gabatar da bukatar zama mambobin tsarin BRICS, ciki har da Najeriya, da Masar, da Habasha, da Zimbabwe, da Aljeriya, da Tunisia, da Sudan, da suka kasance a nahiyar Afirka, gami da sauran kasashe masu tasowa na Latin Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya, da na gabashin Turai.
To ko mene ne dalilin da ya sa tsarin BRICS da kasashen Sin, da Afirka ta Kudu, da India, da Brazil, da Rasha suka kafa ke janyo hankalin dimbin kasashe masu tasowa?
A gani na, kalmomin shugaba Bola Tinubu na kasar Najeriya, cikin jawabin da ya gabatar a gun wani taro na kungiyar tarayyar Afirka ta AU a kwanan baya, sun nuna dalilin da muke nema. A cewar shugaban, “Abubuwan da suka faru a shekarun nan sun nuna mana cewa, tattalin arzikin duniya zai iya gamuwa da matsalar tsaiko da yanayi na koma baya. Idan mu kasashen Afirka ba mu yi kokarin daukar matakai don tinkarar matsalolin da aka samu ba, to, za mu iya fadawa cikin mawuyacin hali.” Ma’anar maganarsa ita ce, ya kamata kasashen Afirka da kasashe masu tasowa na sauran yankuna su dauki kwararan matakai, a kokarin tinkarar kalubaloli, da koma bayan tattalin arzikin duniya ya janyo, don tabbatar da makomarsu mai haske a nan gaba. Sai dai ba za a cimma wannan buri ba, ba tare da hadin gwiwar kasashe masu tasowa ba.
Tsarin hadin gwiwar kasashen BRICS ya kunshi manyan kasashe masu tasowa 5 yanzu. Alkaluman shekarar 2021 sun nuna cewa, darajar tattalin arzikin kasashen BRICS ta kai kashi 25.24% na darajar tattalin arzikin daukacin kasashen duniya, adadin da har ya zarce darajar tattalin arziki na kungiyar G7, dake karkashin jagorancin kasar Amurka. Saboda haka, tsarin BRICS ya zama wani muhimmin dandalin dake baiwa kasashe masu tasowa damar bayyana bukatunsu na bai daya, da samar da karin tasiri a duniya, don kare moriyarsu ta bai daya, ta yadda kasashen za su zama masu fada-a-ji a duniya, da cimma burinsu na samar da wani tsarin kasa da kasa mai daidaito dake haifar da alfanu ga daukacin dan Adam.
Sa’an nan idan mun yi nazari kan amfanin tsarin BRICS a bangarori daban daban, to, da farko, a fannin tsaron hada-hadar kudi, tsarin ya samar da damar yin amfani da nau’ikan kudi daban daban a fannin cinikin kasa da kasa. Mun san kasashen duniya suna shan wahalar babakeren da kasar Amurka ke yi bisa matsayin kudin dala na kasar, a matsayin sa na kudin da ake yin amfani da shi wajen cinikin kasa da kasa mafi muhimmanci a duniya. Inda karuwar ruwan bashi a kasar Amurka, da hauhawar darajar dalar Amurka, wasu manyan dalilai ne da suka haddasa hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, da karuwar bashin da ake binsu, a dimbin kasashe masu tasowa, ciki har da kasashen dake nahiyar Afirka da yawa. Saboda haka, kasashen BRICS sun mai da “samar da sabon kudin da za a iya yin amfani da shi wajen yin cinikin kasa da kasa” batu na farko da za su tattauna a kai wajen taron kolin su da zai gudana a watan Agusta mai zuwa. Tattalin arizki mai karfi na kasashen BRICS, ya samar da damar daidaita wannan batu, abun da ya faranta ran dimbin kasashe masu tasowa.
Ban da haka, a fannin aikin siyasa da ya shafi bangarori daban daban, kasashe masu tasowa na fatan yin amfani da tsarin BRICS wajen samun daidaito a duniya, da wakiltar moriyarsu ta bai daya, maimakon zama karkashin tilastawar da kasashen yamma ke yi musu. Misali, game da yakin da ake yi tsakanin kasashen Ukraine da Rasha, kasashen yamma na neman kara tayar da wutar yaki, kuma ba su son ganin tsagaita bude wuta, yayin da kasashen Afirka da kasar Sin suke daukar matsayi na ’yan ba ruwanmu, da kokarin yin sulhu. Wannan bambancin ra’ayi ya nuna cewa, dole ne a samu mabambantan bangarori masu tunani da moriya daban daban a harkar siyasar kasa da kasa.
Kana a fannin tattalin arziki, bisa la’akari da yanayin tattalin arziki mai wuya da duniyarmu ke ciki, kasashen yamma na dauke da tunani na son kai, wanda ya saba da ka’idar kasa da kasa ta samun yanayin zaman daidai wa daida, da yin ciniki cikin ’yanci. Inda suke neman hana sauran kasashe samun ci gaban tattalin arziki, da sanya kasashe masu tasowa shan karin wahalhalu na koma bayan tattalin arziki, ta yadda su kansu za su samu sauki. Wannan sam ba wani abu ba ne da kasashe masu tasowa ke son gani ba. Saboda haka suna kokarin karfafa hadin gwiwa tare da kasashen BRICS, gami da neman wakilcinsu a tsarin BRICS, don samar da damammakin biyan bukatunsu na neman samun ci gaba.
Hakika a lokacin da kafofin watsa labaru na kasashen yamma suka mai da hankali kan ko shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin, wanda ke da “laifin ta da yaki” a ganinsu, zai tafi kasar Afirka ta Kudu don halartar taron koli na tsarin kasashen BRICS, kasashe masu tasowa da yawa na kokarin neman halartar tsarin BRICS.
Wannan mataki ya nuna bambancin tunanin kasashen yamma da na kasashe masu tasowa, wato kasashen yamma na mai da hankali kan arangamar da ake yi yanzu, yayin da kasashe masu tasowa ke dora muhimmanci kan neman ci gaba, da tabbatar da makoma mai haske. Sannu a hankali, wannan bambancin tunani zai iya haifar da babban sauyi a yanayin tsare-tsaren duniyar mu. (Bello Wang)
