Yadda Al’adu Nagari Ke Rainon Sinawa 

Kwalejin Yuelu tana gefen kogin Xiangjiang, da tushen dutsen Yuelu na birnin Changsha, fadar mulkin lardin Hunan dake tsakiyar kasar Sin, tana da tarihin shekaru fiye da dubu daya da kafuwa, inda kuma ake koyar da ilmi har zuwa yanzu.

A ranar 17 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2020, shugaban kasar Sin Xi Jinping ya ziyarci kwalejin Yuelu dake karkashin jami’ar Hunan. Lokacin da yake ziyarar aiki a lardin Hunan, inda ya nazarci yanayin horar da kwararru, da yada al’adun kasar Sin da sauransu da ake yi a kwalejin.

• Sin: Kasashen Sin Da Afirka Za Su Nuna Abin Misali Wajen Inganta Gina Al’umma Mai Kyakkyawar Makoma Ga Daukacin Bil-Adama

Kwalejin Yuelu, daya ce daga cikin manyan kwalejoji hudu na lokacin da na kasar Sin, tana kuma yada al’adun Huxiang, wanda ke jawo mutane da dama zuwa kwalejin don samun ilmi, da karanta littattafai, da rubuta bayanai, da ajiye littattafai da sauransu don yin kokarin yada al’adun.

A yayin da shugaba Xi Jinping ya halarci taron tattaunawa kan yada al’adun kasar Sin a birnin Beijing a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni, ya jaddada cewa, ya kamata a kiyaye bude kofa ga kasashen waje, da amincewa bambancin al’adu, da bin tunanin Markisanci mai halayyar musamman na kasar Sin na zamani, da yada al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin, da sa kaimi ga amincewa al’adun kasashen waje, da kirkiro al’adun kasar Sin mai tsarin gurguzu mai halayyar musamman ta kasar Sin a sabon zamani. Shugaba Xi ya ce, ya kamata a kiyaye al’adu na da, da yin kirkire-kirkire, don kiyaye yada al’adun kasar Sin a zamanin yanzu.

A shekarun baya baya nan, kwalejin Yuelu ta kasance wani wuri mai alamar al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin, wanda ya yi kokarin yada al’adun kwalejin bada ilmi na kasar Sin, da nazarin ilmi bisa halin kasar Sin, da horar da kwararru, da kiyaye al’adun kasar Sin na tsawon shekaru fiye da dubu daya.

Kiyaye yada al’adu da samar da ilmi

Kwalejin Yuelu na da matsugunni a tushen dutsen Yuelu cikin bishiyoyi, wanda hakan ke jawo hankalin dalibai, da masu yawon shakatawa da dama.

Yayin da shugaba Xi Jinping yake ziyara a kwalejin ta Yuelu, ya kalli katako da aka rubuta “Neman gaskiya daga tabbatattun dalilai”, wato kamar yadda Hausawa suka ce “Dinka rigarka gwargwadon kibarka”, cikin zurfin tunani sosai ya ce, ta yaya jam’iyyar kwaminis ta Sin ta samu nasara? A lokacin, mutane fiye da 10 sun gudanar da taron farko, na wakilan jam’iyyar, har zuwa yanzu da jam’iyyar ta samu irin wannan nasara. Ya kamata a fahimci hanyar raya jam’iyyar, da kuma yadda ake yada tunanin gaskiya bisa halin da ake ciki.

A shekarar 1917, shugaban jami’ar ilmin masana’antu ta Hunan, wato jami’ar Hunan ta yanzu Bin Bucheng, ya sanya katako da aka rubuta “Neman gaskiya daga tabbatattun dalilai” a kofar kwalejin Yuelu, wanda ya maida kalmomin a matsayin manufar jami’ar, don sa kaimi ga daliban jami’ar da su bi gaskiya, da koyon kimiyya da fasaha, don neman gaskiya da ilmi. Daga baya, Mao Zedong, matashi a lokacin ya taba zama a kwalejin don yin karatu, wanda ya fahimci kalmomin sosai.

Shugaba Xi Jinping ya jaddada a gun taron tattaunawa kan yada al’adun kasar Sin cewa, an raya tsarin gurguzu mai halayyar musamman ta kasar Sin bisa tushen al’adun kasar Sin mai tarihin shekaru fiye da dubu 5, da taka hanyar hada da tunanin Marx da halin da ake ciki a kasar Sin da kuma al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin.

A shekarun baya baya nan, kwalejin Yuelu ya kasance wani muhimmin wuri dake gwada yadda ake hada tunanin Markisanci da al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin, wanda ya sa kaimi ga mutane da su kara fahimci tunanin.

“Yayin da masu yawon shakatawa da dama suke shiga kwalejin Yuelu, sun rika tambayar wurin ajiye katakon da aka rubuta ‘Neman gaskiya daga tabbatattun dalilai’, don kallo da fahimtar tunanin jam’iyyar kwaminis ta Sin, da tarihin kwalejin mai shekaru dubu daya.” A cewar wani dan bayani kan kwalejin mai suna Liu Feng. Ya ce, an sake kyautata bayani game da kwalejin Yuelu, wanda ya kara yin bayani game da katakon da aka rubuta “Neman gaskiya daga tabbatattun dalilai”.

Kwalejin Yuelu, wuri ne na bada ilmi na tunani da siyasa na jami’ar Hunan, inda dabilai suka yi karatu a kasa da katakon, malamai da dalibai su kan yi musayar ra’ayoyi sosai a yayin karatun. Shugaban kwalejin ilmin tunanin Markisanci na jami’ar Hunan Forfesa Long Bing ya bayyana cewa, shi da dalibai suna tattauna asalin kalmomin dake kan katakon, kuma daliban suna da sha’awa sosai, abin da aka tattauna ya burge su sosai.

Tun daga watan Maris na shekarar bana, tawagar yin bayani kan tunani da siyasa ta jami’ar Hunan ta riga ta yi kwas-kwas ga tawagogin nazari daga makaratun jami’a, da midil da firamare, da jami’an jam’iyyar kwaminis ta Sin, da gwamnatin lardin Hunan, da sauran lardunan kasar Sin da yawansu ya zarce dubu 100.

Kana jami’ar Hunan ta yi nazari na musamman kan alakar dake tsakanin raya jam’iyyar kwaminis ta Sin, da al’adun gargajiya na Sin, da tarihinsu, da kuma darajarsu a zamani, don sa kaimi ga canja fasahohin Sin zuwa tunanin Sin.

Koyi daga lokacin da don kiyaye al’adun kasar Sin

Ana iya fahimtar maganar “Yin kokarin cimma buri, da kuma maida hankali da yanayin kasa” a dandalin Hexi, da sanin maganar “Neman gaskiya daga tabbatattun dalilai” da aka rubuta a kan katako, da ganin manufar “samun ilmi tare da sanin yanayin zamantakewar al’umma” dake cikin ka’idojin kwalejin Yuelu. Kowane daki ko rubuce-rubuce, ko katako a cikin kwalejin Yuelu, yana shaida tunanin mutanen lokacin da.

Yayin da shugaba Xi Jinping ya ziyarci kwalejin Yuelu, ya jaddada cewa, ya kamata Sin ta kiyaye hanyar raya kasa, da tunaninta, da tsarinta, da kuma al’adunta, a cikinsu al’adu sun zama tushe mai zurfi dake shafar kowa da kowa. Ya kamata dalibai na lokacin yanzu, su kiyaye al’adun kasar Sin yayin da ake yada su.

An kafa kwalejin Yuelu a shekarar 976 ta daular Beisong. A lokacin daular Song, akwai masana 300 a gidan ibada na Daolin, kuma akwai dalibai 1000 a kwalejin Yuelu. A lokacin daular Qing, kashi 9 cikin 10 na manyan hafsoshi, da jami’ai sun zo ne daga lardin Hunan da Hubei. A lokacin yanzu, wato jami’ar Hunan ta kiyaye bada ilmi, kana kwalejin Yuelu ta ci gaba da koyar da ilmi, da ajiye littattafai, da kuma horar da kwararru. Duk jami’ar ta cika da yanayin koyon ilmi, da tunani, da kiyaye al’adu tun daga lokacin da zuwa halin yanzu.

“A lokacin da, kwaleji shi ne wurin da masu karatu suke neman damar samun zaman rayuwa mai kyau. Har zuwa yanzu, kwalejin daya ce daga cikin abin dake wakiltar al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin, inda ta kiyaye tushen al’adu da tunanin kasar a cikin zuciyar Sinawa”, a cewar shugaban kwalejin Yuelu Xiao Yongming. Kana ya kara da cewa, ya kamata a bi maganar shugaba Xi Jinping, da kiyaye al’adun kasar Sin da raya su.

Dutsen Yuelu ya shahara, kana kwalejin Yuelu ita ma ta yi suna sosai. Kwalejin Yuelu ta kiyaye yin kokari don sa kaimi ga yada al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin. Masana da dama sun yi nazari kan al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin, har ma sun gabatar da littattafai kamar su “tarihin tsarin dabi’a na kasar Sin”, da “tarihin littattafan addinin Buddha”, da “tarihin tunanin littattafan addinin Buddha”, da “tarihin kwalejojin kasar Sin”, da “nazarin ilmi da tunani na daular Song da Yuan da Ming ta kasar Sin” da sauransu. Yayin da take daukar nauyin gudanar da aikin rubuta sabon littafi na tarihin kasar Sin, jami’ar Hunan ta shiga dandalin yin kirkire-kirkire na nazarin kalmomin lokacin da, da yada al’adun kasar Sin karo na farko, don samar da gudummawa wajen yada al’adun kasar Sin, da yada shi baki daya.

“Yin imani kan al’adun kasarmu, shi ne tushe mai zurfi dake shafar kowa da kowa. Kwalejin Yuelu yana da albarkatun al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin, ya kamata ya kara samar da gudummawa wajen kiyaye al’adun kasar Sin, da yin imani da su.” A cewar sakataren kwamitin jam’iyyar kwaminis ta Sin na kwalejin Yuelu Chen Yuxiang.

Kwalejin Yuelu mai tarihin shekaru dubu daya, ta kiyaye daukar nauyin dake wuyen ta, da yin kirkire-kirkire

Yayin da shugaba Xi Jinping yake zantawa da daliban jami’ar a kwalejin Yuelu, ya yi fatan daliban za su yi namijin kokarinsu na amfani da lokaci wajen yin karatu, da koyon ilmi da fasahohi, da bin ra’ayoyi game da duniya, da zaman rayuwa, da darajar rayuwa masu dacewa, da taka hanyar zaman rayuwarsu mai dacewa, don samar da gudummawa wajen farfado da al’ummar kasar Sin.

Kwalejin Yuelu ta horar da kwararru da dama, wadanda suke da burin raya kasa. Masanan ilmin koyarwa da adabi Zhang Shi, da Zhu Xi, da Wang Yangming, sun taba koyar da ilmi a kwalejin. Mashahuran mutane a tarihin Sin Tao Shu, da Wei Yuan, da Zeng Guofan, da Zuo Zongtang sun taba yin karatu a kwalejin. Kana masu juyin mulki, da ‘yantar da jama’ar kasar Sin Mao Zedong, da He Shuheng, da Cai Hesen su ma sun taba yin karatu a kwalejin.

Jami’ar Hunan ta kiyaye neman yadda ake hada al’adun gargajiya da tunanin bada ilmi na kwalejin lokacin a da, da bada ilmi na zamanin yanzu, da kuma daukar nauyin farfado da al’ummar kasar Sin a zamanin yanzu.

A kowane watan Satumba, wato watan fara karatu a shekarun baya baya nan, ana gudanar da bikin nuna girmamawa ga malamai, a dakin taro na kwalejin Yuelu, wanda ke zama kwas na farko ga sabbin daliban jami’ar. A yayin bikin, dalibai suna rusuna wa kayan sassaka mai sifar Confucius, don nuna girmamawa gare shi. Kana suna karanta ka’idojin kwalejin Yuelu don gano tunani a cikin ka’idojin. Kaza lika suna taruwa a kasan wurin katakon da aka rubuta “Neman gaskiya daga tabbatattun dalilai”, suna yin karatu da tarihin jam’iyyar kwaminis ta Sin, don sa kaimi gare su wajen yin kokari tare a sabon zamani.

“Ana koyon tunani da manufofin bada ilmi daga lokacin da don horar da kwararru ga kasarmu.” A cewar mataimakin sakataren kwamitin jam’iyyar kwaminis ta Sin na jami’ar Hunan Tang Zhenming. Kana ya ce, ana yin kokari wajen neman hanyoyin canja kwalejin ta lokacin da zuwa jami’ar zamani. Alal misali, maida hankali ga kiyaye dabi’a mai kyau, da kuma samar da wadanda suke da dabi’a yayin da suke yin karatu. Kana a yada al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin, da darajar rayuwar dan Adam ta hanyar koyon ilmin dabi’a, da kuma hade ilmi da aiki da shi.

A kwalejin Yuelu dake jami’ar Hunan, shugaba Xi Jinping ya yi bayani ga dalibai cewa, sabon zamani na yanzu, zamani ne dake samun fitattun mutane da yawa. Shekarunsu wato shekaru 20 zuwa 30, shekaru ne mafi kyau gare su. Akwai sauran shekaru 30 daga yanzu zuwa shekarar 2050, wato shekarar cika shekaru 200 da kafuwar jam’iyyar kwaminis ta Sin, don haka ya kamata matasa sun dauki nauyin dake wuyensu a wannan zamani. Kana a horar da kwararrun matasa masu kaunar kasa.

Shugaban jami’ar Hunan Duan Xianzhong ya bayyana cewa, kwalejin Yuelu ta kiyaye tunanin tushen Sinawa, masu burin raya kasa da yada al’adun kasar Sin. Dalibai matasa sun inganta tunani ta hanyar koyon al’adun gargajiya na kasar Sin. Bayan hakan, mutane masu kammala karatu a jami’ar suna gudanar da ayyukansu, da samar da gudummawarsu a zamantakwar al’umma bisa bukatun kasar da na zamani. (Zainab Zhang)