Dutsen Nyiragongo wani dutse ne mai dauke da tsawa wanda ya kai tsawon mita 3,470 wato kafa (11,385 ft) a tsaunukan Birunga da ke hade da Rift Albertine yana cikin Filin shakatawa na Birunga, a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, kimanin kilomita 12 (mil 7.5) Arewa da garin Goma da Tafkin Kibu da Yamma da iyaka da Rwanda.
Babbar kogin yana da nisan kilomita biyu (mil 1) kuma yawanci tana kunshe da tabkin ruwa.
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A yanzu haka ramin yana da kujeru biyu masu sanyin ruwa masu kyau a jikin bango, dayan yana da kusan mita 3,175 (kafa 10,417) kuma karami a kusan mita 2,975 (kafa 9,760 ).
Kogin Nyiragongo a wasu lokuta kuma ya kasance mafi shahara a tarihin zamanin nan. Zurfin tafkin ruwan ya banbanta sosai da sauran.
An rubuta mafi tsayi na tafkin ruwan inda ya kai kusan mita 3,250 m kafa (10,660) kafin ya fashe a Janairu 1977 – zurfin tafki ya kai kusan mita 600 kafa (2,000). Bayan fashewar Janairu na 2002, an rubuta tafkin Laba a kasa da kusan mita 2,600 kafa (8,500), ko kuma mita 900 kafa (3,000). Kiyasin ya tashi a hankali tun daga wannan lokaci.
Nyiragongo da Nyamuragira da ke kusa da juna suna tare da kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na duwatsu masu tarihi a Afirka.
Ilimin kasa
Wani dutsen da ke wani bangare guda ya hadu da tsofaffin duwatsun tsaunuka biyu, Baratu da Shaheru, kuma wasu daruruwan kananan dutsen da ke kunshe da dutsen da ke kewaye da dutsen suna kewaye da shi.
Nyiragongo mazugi ya kunshi pyroclastics da Laba suna gudana. Nesaragongo’s Labas kananan silica ne, wasu madaukakan duwatsu masu karancin gaske. Sun kasance daga ma’adanan melilitites masu wadatar olibine a hanyar leucites zuwa nephelinites, dauke da da, a cikin nau’uka daban-daban musamman ma’adanai nepheline, leucite, melilite, kalsilite, da clinopyrodene. Wannan karamar habakar ta silica yana haifar da fashewar dutsen tare da kwararar ruwa mai zafi ba.
Ganin cewa yawancin kwararar ruwa suna motsawa a hankali kuma ba kasafai suke haifar da hadari ga rayuwar dan’Adam ba, kwararar ruwan Nyiragongo na iya tafiya zuwa kasa har da kamar kilomita 100 / ko (60)
Tarihi mai ma’ana
Ba a da masaniya game da tsawon lokacin da dutsen mai fitar da ruwa yake aman wuta ba, amma tun daga 1882, ya fashe akalla sau 34, gami da lokuta da yawa inda ake ci gaba da aiki tsawon shekaru a wani lokaci, galibi a cikin hanyar tafkin Laba mai tsananin kara da tsawa da wani irin gurnani a cikin ramin.
An jima ana zargin wanzuwar tafkin Laba amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba a kimiyance har zuwa 1948. A wancan lokacin, an auna shi kusan muraba’in mita 120,000 kafa (1.3 × 106 sk ft). Masu balaguro da suka biyo baya sun nuna cewa tabkin ya sauya tsakanin karin girma, zurfin, da yanayin zafi a kan lokaci.
Aikin tafkin Laba ya gudana har zuwa shekarar 2020, galibin tabkin an killace shi a cikin babban wani rubabben rami mai nau’in gwangwani mai tsayin mita (kusan 18 kafa (60 ) mai tsawon mita 180 kafa (600) mai fadi) a cikin kwarin.
Fashewar ta fara a ranar 22 Mayu 2021; ya zuwa ranar 27 ga Mayu 2021, mutane 37 sun bata kuma ana zaton sun mutu, bayan kwararar ruwa da ta isa wajen garin.
Fashewarsa A 1977
Tsakanin 1894 da 1977 bakin ramin tafkin Laba ya zamto kamar an yi masa aiki. A ranar 10 ga Janairun 1977, katangar ganuwar ta karye, kuma tafkin Laba ya malale a kasa da awa daya. Laba ta gangaro zuwa gefen bangayen dutsen mai tsananin gudu da ya kai kilomita 60 a awa daya (37 mph) a kan gangaren sama, kwararar Laba mafi sauri da aka rubuta zuwa yau, ta mamaye kauyuka tare da kashe akkalla mutane 600.
A tsakanin minti 30, tabkin Laba ya balle ya kwarara Arewa, Kudu, da Yammacin dutsen mai tsawa. Kusancin Nyiragongo zuwa yankunan da ke da cunkoson jama’a yana karuwa da yiwuwar haifar da bala’i.
Fashewarsa daga 1977 ya wayar da kan mutane game da irin hatsarin da Nyiragongo ke da shi, kuma saboda wannan, a cikin 1991 aka sanya shi tsaunin Dutsen mafi Shekaru, wanda ya cancanci nazari na musamman.
Shekarar 1977 ya gabaci da sabon bincike kankaramin iska mai karfin gaske, Miraran dan nesa kadan da gangaren Nyamuragira.
Fashewarsa A 2021
A ranar 22 ga Mayu 2021, an ba da rahoton cewa dutsen ya sake yin aman wuta. Laba ta kusanci tashar jirgin saman Goma kuma ta koma tsakiyar garin Gabashin Goma. Daga baya gwamnan soja na lardin Kibu ta Arewa ya tabbatar da cewa fashewar ta auku ne da misalin karfe 17:00 agogon GMT. Laba ta datse wata babbar hanya zuwa Beni, kuma hukumomi sun bukaci mazauna garin na Goma da su yi kaura, lamarin da ya sa dubban mutane barin gidajensu ya rushe.
Haka nan an yanke wutar lantarki a fadin manyan yankuna biyo bayan fashewar, Fashewar ta haifar da akalla mutuwar mutum 32, galibi sanadiyyar hadarin mota a cikin fitowar da ta biyo baya.
Fashewar A 2002
Kogin an sake gyara kogin Laba tun bayan fasjewar da yayi a cikin fashewa a cikin 1982-1983 da 1994. Wani babbar fashewar dutse mai fitar da wuta ya fara ne a ranar 17 ga Janairun 2002, bayan watanni da yawa na karuwar girgizar kasa da kuma aikin fumarolic.
Fississ mai nisan kilomita 13 milta (8.1) ya bude ta gefen Kudu daga dutsen mai fitar da wuta, yana yaduwa cikin ‘yan awanni daga tsawan mita 2,800 zuwa 1,550 (9,190 zuwa 5,090 ft) kuma ya isa gefen garin Goma, babban birnin lardin a Arewacin gabar Tafkin Kibu. Laba ya gudana yakuna uku a karshen fissure kuma ya gudana a cikin rafi 200 zuwa mita 1,000 (660 zuwa kafa 3,280 ) fadi kuma zuwa mita 2 (6 da 7 a cikin) zurfin Goma. An bayar da gargadi kuma an kwashe mutane 400,000 daga garin zuwa iyakar Rwandan zuwa makwabciyar Gisenyi yayin fashewar.
Laba ya rufe karshen Arewacin titin sauka da tashin jiragen sama a Filin jirgin saman Goma, ya bar kudancin kashi biyu cikin uku, kuma ya isa Tafkin Kibu. Wannan ya haifar da fargabar cewa Laba na iya haifar da iskar gas mai zurfin gaske a cikin tafkin don tashi ba zato ba tsammani, tare da fitar da adadi mai yawa na carbon diodide da methane, kwatankwacin bala’in da ya faru a Tafkin Nyos na Kamaru a 1986.
Wannan bai faru ba, amma masana ilimin dutsen mai fitar da wuta sun ci gaba da lura da yankin sosai.
Kimanin mutane 245 ne suka mutu a sakamakon fashewar iska daga iskar shaka da gine-ginen da suka rushe saboda Laba da girgizar kasa. Laba ta rufe kashi 13 cikin 100 na Goma, kusan kilomita murabba’in mita 1.8 (4.7 kilo mita2), kuma kusan mutum 120,000 sun rasa matsuguni.
Nan da nan bayan fashewar, an ji yawan girgizar kasa a kusa da Goma da Gisenyi. Wannan aikin yawo ya ci gaba har kimanin watanni uku kuma ya haifar da rushewar karin da gine-gine.
Watanni shida bayan fara fashewar dutse a 2002, dutsen Nyiragongo ya sake barkewa.
Ana Ci Gaba Da Fuskantar Barazana
Gurbatacciyar iskar carbon diodide, wanda aka fi sani da ‘mazuku’ a cikin gida, ta kashe yara har ma a kwanan nan. A wuraren da iskar gas ke bazuwa daga kasa a wasu matakai masu kirma daga matakan da masana suka bayyana, ba tare da tarwatsa tasirin iska ba, tasirinsa na iya yin kisa.
A ranar 8 ga Maris din 2016, Goma Bolcano Obserbatory ta gano wani sabon rami da aka bude a gefen Arewa maso Gabas na ramin, biyo bayan rahotannin cikin gida na ruri da ke fitowa daga dutsen.
Wasu na fargabar cewa wannan na iya haifar da fashewar flank. Masu sa ido a cikin 2020 sun shaida hakan a cikin tafkin Laba da sauran alamun fashewar dutse a wannan mai zuwa.
