A shekarar 2002, Xi Jinping, sakataren reshen jam’iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin dake lardin Zhejiang na kasar a lokacin, wanda daga baya ya zama shugaban kasar Sin, ya yi rangadi a wani kauye mai suna Meilin, inda ya ce, “Ya kamata a yi kokarin raya kauyukan lardin, don samar da wasu kauyukan da za su iya zama misalai a fannin samun ci gaban tattalin arziki.” Sa’an nan, a watan Yunin shekarar 2003, mista Xi ya kaddamar da wani shiri mai taken “Sanya kauyuka dubu daya zama misalan samun ci gaba, da daidaita harkoki a wasu kauyuka dubu goma” (za mu kira shi da taken shirin “kauyuka dubu goma” a takaice) don neman haifar da ci gaban tattalin arizki a kauyukan lardin Zhejiang dake gabashin kasar Sin. Haka kuma, ya yayata wannan shiri zuwa sauran wuraren kasar, bayan da ya zama shugaban kasar Sin.
Cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce, ana gudanar da shirin nan bisa matakai 3, inda daga shekarar 2003 zuwa ta 2010, an mai da hankali kan kyautata muhallin rayuwa a cikin kauyuka. Daga baya a shekarar 2011, an fara raya wasu sana’o’i, da harkar al’adu a kauyukan. Haka kuma, tun daga shekarar 2021, an yi kokarin samar da zamanintarwa a fannonin aikin gona, da kulawa da kauyuka da manoma.
•Tattaunawar da aka yi don tsara aikin daidaita muhallin kauye
Bari mu je kauyen Dazhuyuan dake lardin Zhejiang na kasar Sin, mu duba yadda ake samun ci gaban harkoki a can. A cikin kauyen, a kan gudanar da taron da ya hallara bangarorin hukuma, da mazauna kauyen, da kamfanoni, don tattauna yadda za a gudanar da wasu ayyukan gini da na daidaita muhalli a cikin kauyen, ta yadda wani sabon tsarin gine-gine da za a samu zai biya bukatun mutanen kauyen.
Ta la’akari da yadda kauyen Dazhuyuan ya kasance a dab da wani babban kogi mai taken Longwang, mutanen kauyen sun ba da shawarar a haka wani karamin kogi, wanda zai ratsa kauyen, ta yadda za a samu muhalli mai kyan gani, da yanayin rayuwa mai inganci. Sa’an nan a kauyen Sanshan dake dab da kauyen Dazhuyuan, hukumomi da mutanen kauyen, tare da wani kamfani mai kula da aikin gini, su ma su kan kira taro, don tattauna wani shirin daidaita muhalli na hadin kai da ya shafi kauyen da sauran kauyuka makwabta guda 5. Mazauna kauyukan suna kokarin halartar aikin tabbatar da makomar kauyukansu saboda ana girmama ra’ayinsu. Hakan ya nuna yadda ake kokarin wakiltar moriyar jama’a, yayin da ake kokarin gudanar da shirin “kauyuka dubu goma”, cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce.
•Raya kauye bisa la’akari da yanayin da yake ciki
Shirin “kauyuka dubu goma” ya kunshi tunanin Xi Jinping a fannin gudanar da harkokin mulki, yayin da yake aiki a lardin Zhejiang, inda wani tunaninsa shi ne, a dauki mabambantan matakai na raya kauyuka, bisa la’akari da yanayin da suke ciki.
Misali a kauyen Cailu, akwai gonaki na muraba’in mita 800,000, inda ake iya girbin shinkafa sau 2 a duk shekara. Wannan yanayi ya sa ake dora muhimmanci kan aikin gona a kauyen a kokarin raya tattalin arziki.
A wannan kauye mai tsawon tarihi na fiye da shekaru 700, mutane sun dade suna kokarin kare gonaki daga ambaliyar ruwa, inda suka dinga kyautata fasahohin ban ruwa, don mai da gonakinsu su zama masu dacewa da shukar shinkafa.
A cewar Lu Yangchun, dagacin kauyen Cailu, mutanen kauyensa suna da kwazo matuka, inda suke kokarin habaka gonakinsu a kai a kai. Abin da ya sa fadin gonakin kauyen ke ta karuwa, maimakon ya ragu, cikin shekarun da suka gabata.
Sai dai aikin shukar amfanin gona, ba wani aiki ne dake haifar da riba sosai ba. Ta yaya za a iya wadatar da mutanen kauyen, inda aka fi mai da hankali kan aikin gona? Dabarar da aka dauka a kauyen Cailu ita ce, a ba wasu manoma damar hayan mafi yawan gonaki don su gudanar da aikin gona, daga baya sauran mutanen kauyen su halarci aikin masana’antu na sarrafa amfanin gona, ta yadda dukkansu za su samu karin kudin shiga.
Zuwa shekarar 2022, matsakaicin kudin shiga na duk shekara kan mutum daya a kauyen Cailu ya kai kudin Sin Yuan 82000, kwatankwacin dalar Amurka 11373. Yayin da kudin da wata hadaddiyar kungiyar da mazauna kauyen suka kafa ta samu, bisa raya masana’antu, ya zarce Yuan miliyan 4, kwatankwacin dalar Amurka dubu 626.
•Sauran dabarun raya kauyuka ban da raya aikin gona
A lardin Zhejiang na kasar Sin, akwai kauyuka fiye da dubu 10, wadanda suke da mabambantan yanayin muhalli, da damammaki na samun ci gaba. Misali a cikinsu akwai kauyen da ya yi fice a fannin samar da furanni, da wanda ya shahara bisa kayayyakin fasahohin al’adu, da kauyen da ake samun kwararru masu fasahohin al’adu na gargajiya, da dai sauransu. Kana maimakon dogaro kan daidaikun mutane, mutanen kauyukan sun kafa wasu kungiyoyi, wadanda suke kula da aikin zuba jari, da raya sana’o’i da za su iya haifar da karin kudin shiga ga manoma.
Zuwa shekarar 2022, darajar kamfanonin da kungiyoyin mutanen kauyukan lardin Zhejiang suka kafa ta kai Yuan biliyan 880, kwatankwacin dalar Amurka biliyan 123. Kana ta hanyar raya masana’antu da harkar yawon shakatawa, da sauran harkoki daban daban a kauyuka, an samu babbar sauyawar yanayi a cikin wadannan kauyukan da ake gudanar da shirin “kauyuka dubu goma”.
•Misali na kauyen Lizu
Malama Jin Jing, wata manaja ce mai kula da ayyukan raya sana’o’i a kauyen Lizu dake karkashin garin Yiwu. Ta ce, wasu shekaru 10 da suka wuce, dagacin kauyen Lizu, wanda ya kasance wani abokinta, ya gayyace ta don ta zuba jari a kauyen. Sai dai a lokacin ba ta yi tsammanin cewa zuba jari ga kauyuka zai samar da riba ba. Kana muhallin kauyen Lizu shi ma bai burge ta ba, saboda rashin wani yanayi mai ban sha’awa.
Sai dai wannan kauyen da bai burge Jin Jing ba wasu shekaru 10 da suka wuce, ya ja hankalin wata yarinya nan take, bayan da ta ziyarci kauyen a shekarar 2022. Feng Ling, tana kula da wani wurin shan shayi da cin abinci a kauyen Lizu, inda ake samar da abincin da aka hada su da amfanin gonan wurin. Ta waiwayi yadda ta tabbatar da niyyar zuba jari a cikin kauyen, ta ce, “ Na yanke shawarar hayan wani gida cikin mintoci 2. Ban ga cikin gidan ba tukuna, amma na ga matakalar bene, da wasu tsoffin gidaje, gami da wata babbar bishiya mai furanni a gaban kofar gidan, sai na ce, wannan gidan nake so. ”
Abin ban sha’awa shi ne, Jin Jing ce ta gayyaci Feng Ling don ta zo kauyen Lizu ta kuma zuba jari a can, ko da yake Jin ita kanta ba ta son zuba jari a kauyen wasu shekaru 9 da suka wuce. Yadda aka tsai da mabambantan kuduri a baya da kuma yanzu shi ma ya nuna babban ci gaban da aka samu cikin kauyen Lizu.
•Kauyen Lizu da shirin “kauyuka dubu goma”
A baya kauyen Lizu na da lakabin “kauye maras mafita”, saboda ko da yake yana kusa da cibiyar garin Yiwu, amma babu wata hanyar fitowa daga cikin kauyen, wanda ya kasance tsakanin duwatsu, kafin a kaddamar da shirin “kauyuka dubu goma”. Wannan dalili ya sa dimbin matasan kauyen barin gidajensu don neman samun damar raya kansu a sauran wurare.
Idan babu wani shirin musamman da zai taimakawa raya kauyen Lizu, watakila sannu a hankali zai bace daga taswira sakamakon raguwar al’ummarta. Sai dai shirin “kauyuka dubu goma” ya sa gwamnatoci zuba kudi don kyautata muhallin rayuwa da yanayin sufuri a kauyukan dake kewayen garin Yiwu, gami da janyo wasu manyan kamfanoni don su zuba jari ga kauyukan don raya harkar yawon shakatawa.
Jin Jing ta zo kauyen Lizu a lokacin. Bisa muhallin kauyen mai cike da al’adu, da hanyoyin mota masu inganci da aka gina a can, Jin Jing ta gayyaci wasu kwararru fiye da 200 don su bude kantuna masu ban sha’awa da wuraren cin abinci a cikin kauyen, ta yadda aka baiwa kauyen damar raya aikin yawon shakatawa yadda ake bukata.
•Tunanin da shirin “kauyuka dubu goma” ya kunsa
Shirin “kauyuka dubu goma” ya kunshi dimbin tunani masu muhimmanci, misali mayar da moriyar jama’a a gaban kome, da mayar da muhalli mai kyau ya zama damar samun cigaban tattalin arziki, da tsayawa kan gudanar da wasu matakai masu kyau a kai a kai, da dai makamantansu. Yadda ake kokarin aiwatar da wadannan tunani cikin wasu shekaru 20 da suka wuce ya sa aka tabbatar da amfaninsu, da haifar da hakikanin ci gaba a kauyukan kasar Sin. Kana wannan yanayi na samun ci gaba a cikin kauyuka zai dore a kasar Sin, saboda gwamnatin kasar ta riga ta mai da shirin raya kauyuka cikin manyan manufofinta na gudanar da mulki.
(Bello Wang)
