Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa da rikicin tattalin arziki, wani bangare na gadon mulkin mallaka da ya addabi Yammacin Afirka, da sauran kasashen nahiyar shekaru da dama.
Sai dai yadda guguwar juyin Mulki ta kada a Afirka a shekarar 2023 da ake bankwana da ita, ta kusa yamutsa hazo.
- Cin Bashi Ba Tare Da Biya Ba Da Abubuwan Da Ke Sa A Ci
- An Cimma Manyan Nasarori A Diflomasiyyar Shugabancin Sin A 2023
A watan Yulin 2023 ne Nijar ta fuskanci juyin mulki, sannan kuma aka yi wani juyin mulki a Gabon, a wannan lokaci ne kuma sojoji suka karbe ikon kasar Afrika ta tsakiya.
Juyin mulkin da wasu kasashen Afirka suka yi na nuna kyama ga al’adun kasashen yammaci, na nuni da cewa harkokin siyasa na samun sauyi a duk fakin nahiyar, kuma nahiyar Afirka baki kaya na tafiya cikin wani sabon salo.
Kasar Mali, inda aka yi juyin mulkin farko na yaki da Turawan Yamma sama da shekaru uku da suka wuce, ta mayar da Faransanci a matsayin harshen hukuma a watan Yuli, wanda ke nuni da cewa kyamar ‘yan mulkin mallaka ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a yammacin Afirka.
Kasar Mali ta kuma kori sojojin Faransa da ke kasar tare da yanke hulkar jakadanci da tsohon mai mulkin mallaka.
Nijar
A ranar 26 ga watan Yuli ne shugabannin sojojin kasar suka hambarar da zababben shugaban kasar Mohamed Bazoum, wanda bai yi nasara ba wajen dakile ayyukan ta’addanci a fakin Nijar tare da taimakon sojojin Faransa.
Ga dukkan alamu gazawar da shugaban ya yi a kan kungiyoyin da ke kauke da makamai – tun daga Boko Haram har zuwa reshen yankin Al Kaeda, wakanda ke fafutuka a duk fakin yankin Sahel – ya haifar da kakkausar suka ga dukkanin shugabanninsa da Faransa, tsohuwar uwargijiyar Nijar.
Sojojin Nijar, kamar shugabannin sojojin kasashen Yammacin Afirka na Mali da Burkina Faso, sun yi amfani da kyamar Faransanci da na mulkin mallaka don saukaka juyin mulkin da suka yi, suna zargin Bazoum da zama wakilin muradun kasashen yamma, a cewar masana.
Gabon
Makonni biyar bayan juyin mulkin jamhuriyar Nijar, sojojin Kasar Gabon sun kaddamar da shiga tsakani na soji tare da hambarar da gwamnatin tsohon shugaban farar hular kasar Ali Bongo Ondimba, biyo bayan takaddamar zaben shugaban kasar da masu sa ido kan zaben kasar suka gano ba daidai ba.
Kamar Nijar, Gabon ita ma tsohuwar kasar Faransa ce wacce daular siyasar Bongo ta dake tana jagoranta – wacce Paris ke marawa baya tun bayan da kasar ta samu ‘yancin kai daga Faransa. Yawancin manazarta na ganin daular iyali irin ta Bongos ce ta ci gaba da mulkin mallaka na Faransa, amma sanye da tufafin Afirka.
“Tsarin gwamnatin da tsofaffin kasashen Faransa suka yi wa mulkin mallaka, wakanda Paris ta sanya, ba su dace da manufa ba. A kasa kamar Gabo, iyali kaya sun yi mulki kusan shekaru 50. Wannan ba gwamnati ba ce; wannan masarauta ce – kuma ba su da wani waje,” kamar yadda Chris Ogunmodede, wani mai sharhi kan harkokin siyasar Afirka, ya shaida wa CNN.
Sauran kasashe a Afirka ta Tsakiya kamar Kamaru, Kongo Brazzabille da Ekuatorial Guinea duk suna da dauloli na siyasa kamar Bongos na Gabon. Yayin da mulkin da iyali daya ke yi – wanda kuma ya kasance mai cin hanci da rashawa, wannan ba tsarin dimokurakiyya ba ne, amma Faransa da sauran kasashen Yammacin Turai sun zabi kada su kula da abin da ke faruwa a yankin muddin ba a yi watsi da bukatunsu ba.
Amma juyin mulkin Gabon – wanda ya haifar da gagarumin bukukuwa a fakin Librebille, babban birnin kasar, ya nuna karara cewa ba daular siyasa kakai ke rasa tasirinsu a fakin Afirka ta Tsakiya ba, amma karfin ikon mulkin Yammacin duniya na iya zama tarihi nan ba da jimawa ba.
A shekarar 1964, lokacin da sojan Gabon ya hambarar da shugaban masu goyon bayan Faransa Leon Mba, nan da nan Paris ta aike da sojoji domin fatattakar juyin mulkin tare da maido da hambararren shugaban kasar. Sai dai bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a watan Agusta a Gabon, Faransa ta yi kasa a gwiwa, inda jami’an diflomasiyyarta suka yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da tsoma bakin soja bayan da aka tilasta wa sojojinta a baya-bayan nan daga kasashen da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka kamar Mali da Nijar.
“Abubuwan da ke ci gaba da faruwa a Gabon, da ke faruwa bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a Nijar, sun kara haskaka dangantakar Faransa da tsofaffin kasashen da ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a Afirka, da kuma yadda kasashen Yammacin duniya ke goyon bayan masu mulkin kama karya a nahiyar, kamar yadda suke lalata tsarin mulkin dimokuradiyya, juyin mulkin sojoji da suke ikirarin adawa da shi,” in ji Ogunmodede.
Guinea-Bissau?
A karshe, zuwa karshen shekara, an kuma yi wani “yunkurin juyin mulki” a Guinea-Bissau, a Yammacin Afirka da ta kasance karkashin mulkin mallaka na Portugal har zuwa 1974.
Sakamakon kazamin fadan da aka gwabza tsakanin bangarorin sojoji daban-daban, shugaba Umaro Sissoco Embalo ya sallami firaminista Geraldo Joao Martins, inda ya maye gurbinsa da Rui Duarte Barros, wanda ke da alhakin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa.
Akalla an yi juyin mulki ko yunkurin juyin mulki sau 10 a kasar Guinea-Bissau tun bayan da ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1974, inda shugaban kasa kaya tilo da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokurakiyya ya cika wa’adin mulki.
Embalo, wanda aka zaba don yin wa’adi na shekaru biyar a watan Disamba 2019, ya tsallake rijiya da baya a watan Fabrairun 2022.
Burikina Faso: Traore Ya Tsallake Rijiya Da Baya
Gwamnatin mulkin sojan Burkina Faso ta yi ikirarin dakile wani yunkurin juyin mulki da aka so a yi wa Kyaftin Ibrahim Traore a ranar Talata 26.09.2023 a kasar da ke Yammacin Afirka.
A cikin wata sanarwa da Fadar Shugaban Kasar Burkina Faso ta fitar, ta sanar da kama jami’ai da dama da kuma wakanda ake zargi da hannu a wannan yunkuri na ta da zaune tsaye tare da jefa kasar cikin rukani, sannan kuma ana ci gaba da farautar karin wakansu mutane.
Da yammacin ranar Talata 26.09.2023 dai dubban mutane sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a Ouagadougou babban birnin kasar suna masu jaddada goyon baya ga shugaban mulkin sojan kasar jim bayan da aka samu yakuwar jita-jita a kan yunkurin juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba.
Wannan yunkurin juyin mulki dai na zuwa ne shekara guda bayan karewar Kyaftin Ibrahim Traore kan karagar mulki bayan da ya hambarar da gwamnatin sojan waccan lokaci karkashin laftanal Kanal Paul Henri Sandaogo Damiba.
