‘Yancin Kananan Hukumomi: Da Sauran Rina A Kaba

Al’ummar Nijeriya sun yi maraba da hukuncin kotun koli ta kasa inda ta ba kananann hukumomin Nijeriya ‘yancin cin gashin kansu, ‘yancin sarrafa kudaden su da ke zuwa daga asusun gwamnatin tarayya.

A ranar 11 ga watan Yuni ne kotun koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa, haramun ne gwamnoni su rike tare da sarrafa kudaden da aka ba kananan hukumomi.

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A hukuncin da Mai Shari’a Emmanuel Agim ya jagoranci yankewa tare da manyan masu shari’a 7, ya bayyana cewa, ya kamata a bar kananan hukumomi 774 da ke fadin kasar nan, su sarrafa kudaden su da kansu. Ya jaddada cewa, a kwai matakan gwamnati uku a kasar nan da suka hada da Gwamnatin tarayya, Jihohi da kuma Kananan hukumomi, sannan kuma gwamnatocin jihohi basu da hurumin nada shugabannin riko a kananan hukumomin.

Hakanan hukuncin ya kara da cewa za a amince da karamar hukuma ce kawai in zaben aka gudanar wajen samar da shugabanninta, ba kamar yadda wasu gwamnoni ke nada ‘yan barandar su ba a mastayin shugabanin kwamitin riko na kananan hukumomi wanda hakan ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulki na 1999.

Wannan hukunci na kotun koli ya kawo karshen matsalar da bangaren majalisa da na zartarwa suka yi kokarin warwarewa amma suka kasa na tsawon shekaru. Majalisar Kasa a lokutta daban-daban a cikin wannan zango da dimokuradiyya ta yi kokarin yi wa tsarin mulkin kasa kwaskwarima ta hanyar samar da dokar da za ta ba kananan hukumomi karin cin gashin kai.

Amma kuma da zarar daftarin dokar ya kai matakin majalisun jihohi domin amincewa, kamar yadda doka ta tsara sai gwamnoni su yi amfani da karfin su a kan majalisun dokokin jihohin wajen dakatar da dokar. A shekarar 2022, kotun koli ta yi watsi da dokar da tsohon shubanan kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya kirkiro, mai suna ‘Edecutibe Order 10’, dokar da ta ba Akanta Janar na kasa ikon zaftatre kudaden kananan hukumomi kai tsaye daga asusun gwamnatin tarayya, amma kuma hakan bai yiwu ba, saboda gwamnoni sun yi amfani da kasancewar tsarin tarayya wajen hana wannan dokar ta shugaban kasa ta yi aiki.

Saboda rashin cimma wanann burin na karfafa kananan hukumomi ta hanyar basu kudaden su, gwamnoni sun ci gaba da hana kananan hukumomin cikakken kudaden da suke bukata don ayyukan raya kasa kamar harkar ilimi, kiwon lafiya, samar da tsaftataccen ruwa da tsaffatace muhalli da dai sauran su.

Amma kuma a halin yanzu, wasu masanan shari’a sun lura da wasu matsaloli tattare da hukuncin da aka yanke. Sun kawo bayanin da ke a sashi na 162(8) na kundin tsarin mulkin Nijeriya inda aka yi bayanin cewa, “Gwamnatocin Jihohi za su gudanar da harkokin kananann hukumomi kamar yadda majalisar dokokin jihar za ta ayyana.” Sashi na 162 (6) ya bayar da izinin samar da asusun bai daya tsakanin gwamnatin jiha dana kananan hukumomi yayin da sashi na 162 (5) ya yi bayani karara kamar haka “Kudaden da aka tura wa kananan hukumomi daga gwamnatin tarayya, gwamnatin jihar na iya amfana dasu kamar yadda majalisar jihar za ta bayyana.”

Wadannan sassan na kundin dokokin kasa sun mayar da kananan hukumomi tamkar wani bangare ne na gwamnatocin jihohi kai-tsaye. Amma kuma wani abu da ya yi kama da yadda majalisar dattawa ta yi amfani da dokar nan ta ‘doctrine of necessity,’ wajen mika wa tsohon mataimakin shugaban kasa Goodluck Jonathan mulki a lokacin da aka fahimci marigayyi shugaban kasa Musa Yar’Adua’s ba zai iya tafiyar da mulki ba, kotun koli ta yi amfani da irin wancan salon ne wajen yanke hukunci, inda ta ce, tun da ba a samu abin da ake bukata ba wajen biyan kudaden kananan hukumomi ta hannu gwamnatin jihohi, to yanzu adalci ya bayar da cewa, a basu kudaden su daga gwamnatin tarayya kai tsaye ba tare bata lokaci ba.”

Gwamnoni sun yi ta amfani da asusun bai daya da kananan hukumomi wajen biyan bukatun kansu ba tare da kananan hukumomin sun amfana ba kamar yadda tsarin mulki ya tanadar.

Sun samu damar yin haka ne ta hanyar nada wanda zai shugabanci kananan hukumomin a matsayin shugaban kwamitin riko ko kuma wajen gudanar da zaben jeka na yi ka, duk wanda ya zama shugaban karamar hukumar tamkar yaro ne na gwamnan, ya sanya shi a aljihunsa gaba daya har da majalisar dokoki na karamar hukumar.

Bayan hukuncin kotun kolin,masu sharhi sun bayyana cewa, dole a kara daukan matakai na kwato kananan hukumomi daga hannun gwamnoni, in har ana son ganin tasirin hukuncin da aka yanke.

Mataki na farko shi ne tabbatar da cewa, al’umma ne suka zabi shugabannin kananan hukumomin ba daga irin zaben da shugaban hukumar zabe ta INEC, Farfesa Mahmood Yakubu a kwanakin baya ya kwatanta da tamkar nadi ne, inda hukumar zabe ta jihohi take gudanar da zabe ba tare da bin ka’idojin zaben ba, inda zaka samu jam’iyya mai mulki ta lashe dukkan kujerun da aka yi takarar gaba daya.

Kwanaki, majalisar dattawa ta dauki matakin samar da doka tare da hadin gwiwar INEC domin samar da hukumar zabe da za ta kula da zabuka a matakan kananan hukumomi a fadin Nijeriya gaba daya.

In ma wannan mataki na majalisa dattawa bai samu ba, ya kamata aba INEC dama tun da shugabanta ya ce, suna da ma’aikata da kayan aikin da za su iya gudanar da zabubbukan kananan hukumomi. in aka samu nasarar haka, al’amurra za su dawo yadda ya kamata a kananan hukumomi.

Daga karshe kuma za a samu saukin kama duk wani shugaban karamnar hukumar da ya yi allubazzaranci da kudaden jama’a, musamman ganin dokar kariya da ta kare gwamnoni da shugaban kasa daga fuskantar shari’a bai shafe su ba.