Wata Mahanga Ta Daban Na Kallon Ayyukan Ta’addanci

Ba kasafai Gwamnan Jihar Zamfara, Dauda Lawal, ke fitowa kafofin yada labarai ba. Lawal na fuskantar kalubale a yankin da ke fama da ‘yan bindiga da ta’addanci, a jihar da manyan ‘yan siyasa ke adawa da shi saboda sabanin siyasa.

Ya fi mai da hankali kan harkokin jiharsa, ba ya maida harin ramuwar gayya sai idan ‘yan siyasar Abuja da ke zaune a gidajen gilashi ne suka kai masa hari.

Sai gashi abin mamaki a makon da ya gabata lokacin da ya saki wani faifan bidiyo da ya bazu sosai ya kuma shiga manyan jaridu. Sakamakon karuwar wasu hare-haren ‘yan bindiga a yankin a Zamfara da makobciyarta Katsina, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar akalla mutum 17 cikin makonni biyu, gwamnan ya ce, da za a bar shi, zai iya kawo karshen wannan masifa cikin watanni biyu.

Abin tambaya a nan shi ne, ta yaya? “Na rantse da Allah Maaukakin sarki,” in ji Lawal, “Ina sane da duk inda shugaban ‘yan bindiga yake a Zamfara. Idan ya fita, ina sani. Da wayata ta hannu, zan iya nuna muku inda waannan ‘yan bindiga suke a yau.”

“Amma ba za mu iya yin wani abu fiye da ikonmu ba.” Gwamnan ya ce, da ikon bada umarni kai tsaye na hannunsa, da ya kawo karshen ‘yan bindiga a Zamfara cikin kwanaki 60.

Al’amari mai rikitarwa

Hakikanin gaskiya ya fi an rikitarwa. Bisa al’amari, ana kiyasta cewa mutane kimanin 15,000 zuwa 20,000 ne suka mutu a sakamakon kashe-kashen da suka shafi ‘yan bindiga da ta’addanci a Arewa maso Yamma kaai cikin shekaru 10 da suka wuce. Wannan adadi yana daidai da yawan rayukan da aka rasa a Yakin Kosobo, ko kusan kashi 40 cikin ari na asarar rayuka a Yakin Basasar Saliyo na tsawon shekaru 10, duk da cewa ba gwamnati ba bace ke yakar ‘yan bindiga, sai dai ‘yan ta’adda ne masu zaman kansu.

Wannan kididdigar ba ta bayyana irin wahalar da dubban yara ke sha ba, waanda aka kashe iyayensu, gidaje marasa uwa ko masoya, mutane da suka ji rauni har abada ko aka raba su da muhallansu, hanyoyin neman rayuwa da aka lalata, makoma da aka rusa, da rayuwar yanzu da ake yi cikin tsoro da rashin tabbas.

Lawal ya taba ba da labari kan yadda wasu ‘yan bindiga, waanda aka gano shirinsu bisa bayanan sirri, suka tsere kafin ya iya ratsa dogon jerin umarnin soja na Abuja.

Yana da, domin yana takaicin yadda ake rage karfin gwamnoni tare da mai da su tamkar wasu jagorori ta fuskar manyan matsalolin tsaro, domin muna shakku akansu cewa za su iya yin amfani da rundunar ‘yan sandan jihohi wajen zalunci.

Ilimin Zamantakewar ‘Yan Bindiga

Sai dai, ba fasaha da ‘yansandan jihohi kaai ne za su iya takaita wannan masiba ba. Wannan shi ne abin da wani bincike da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasa ta Denmark ta gudanar a Agustan 2025. Sakamakon binciken, wanda aka saki kwanan nan, ya cancanci a yi la’akari da shi.

Binciken da Peer Schouten da Barnett James suka gudanar na farko, babban mai bincike na biyun kuma alibin PhD a Jami’ar Oford, mai taken “Dibided, They Rule? Sabon Yanayin ‘Yan Bindiga a Arewacin maso Yammacin Nijeriya

“Binciken ya duba ilimin zamantakewar ‘yan bindiga, tushensu da yadda suka samo asali, da kuma yadda suka maye gurbin ‘yan jihadi waanda a da suka fi rinjaye a matsayin reshen Sahel mai girman tasiri.

Labari na yau da kullum kan ‘yan bindiga, ‘yan jihadi, da masu tsattsauran ra’ayin addini ya kan bayyana su a matsayin “’yan ta’adda da masu laifi.” Sai dai wannan bincike ya auki wata hanya mai zurfi wadda ta bayar da wata fahimta, inda ya bambanta ‘yan bindiga da ‘yan jihadi ko wasu kungiyoyin laifi, musamman bisa akida, wuri, da kuma hanyoyin gudanar da ayyuka.

Ya ce, alal misali, “Sabani da kungiyoyin jihadi, kungiyoyin ‘yan bindiga ba sa aiki bisa ga wata akida ta ra’ayi, amma suna da tasiri sosai a mulkin yankunan karkara, suna kalubalantar ikon gwamnati ta hanyar fyae da yin barna, da kuma ta hanyar tsayayyen haraji da karbar kuin fansa.”

Lallai Lamarin Ta’addanci Ne

Sau da yawa na kan yi amfani da kalmomin nan ba tare da bambanci ba. Amma su idan suna magana suna banbancewa, kamar su ce, ‘yan bindiga suna kai hari, masu garkuwa na kai hari, kuma dukkansu suna barin jama’a cikin bakin ciki, hawaye da jini, to, a wajena dukkan su ‘yan bindiga ne, ‘yan jihadi, ‘yan ta’adda da masu laifi. Sai dai manufar binciken ita ce, idan ba a tantance dalilai da hanyoyin da suke bi ba, to mayar da martani da manufofi na iya sauka daga ainihin layin da ya dace.

Idan za mu yi magana da salon Lawal, Gwamnan Zamfara ko duk wani gwamna a Arewacin maso Yammacin Nijeriya da ke sha’awar shawo kan matsalar tsaro, domin ya yi aiki fiye da ikon zartarwarsa don ya yi nasara, to ba ya ga samun ‘yansandan jiha, dole ne su fahimci ilimin zamantakewa da tunanin abokan gaba, in ba haka ba, watakila mu shiga mawuyacin hali fiye da yanzu a cikin watanni arba’in.

Wannan binciken ya bayyana yadda, ta hanyar tsarin “yin barna da kuma kararbar kuin fansa,” Tun daga shekarar 2011 ‘yan bindiga suka kirkiro wani tsarin mulki “wanda hanyoyi ne masu muhimmanci da suke tunatar da tsarin mulki na tattara haraji a yankin tun kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka.”

Yekuwa Daga Daular Usmaniyya

A cikin tausasa harshe, binciken yake cewa ‘yan bindiga, waanda suka samo asali kusan shekaru 15 da suka gabata, suna maimaita wani fasali na tsarin Khalifanci a Arewacin Nijeriya, wanda ya dogara kan “kai hari da karbar haraji” don faaawa da kuma tabbatar da wanzuwar tsarin.

A cewar binciken, “‘Yan bindiga na yau,” “suna maimaita waannan tsarin, inda babura na zamani da wayoyin hannu suka maye gurbin dawaki da bindigogin karni na 19.

Duk da cewa kayan aikin sun canza ba kamar na da ba, amma tsarin mulki da tattara arziki na asali suna nan kamar yadda suke, wanda hakan yana da matukar wahala mutanen karkara da wasu waanda abin ya shafa su fahimta.”

Binciken bai auka cewa duk ‘yan bindiga Fulani ne ba, kamar yadda aka fi samu a karni na 18 da na 19. Ko kuma cewa suna da burin gina jiha ko tsantsar imani kamar ‘yan jihadi na lokacin. Sai dai, binciken ya lura da maimaita wasu tsarin iko da sahihanci a waannan yankuna da suka yi kama da tsarin Khalifanci.

Lamarin Ya Zama Gagarabadau

Lawal ya ji takaici kan rasa babban burinsa akan kawo karshen ‘yan bindiga saboda tsarin umarni na soja. A bangaren su, sojoji ma sun kai hari kan fitattun shugabannin ‘yan bindiga, inda nasarorin baya-bayan nan suka haa da Baleri Fakai da Halilu Buzu.

Waannan matakai sun kasance gagarumin ci gaba a yaki da ‘yan bindiga. Sai dai, wannan binciken ya kwatanta kungiyar ‘yan bindiga da dabbobi wato (Hydra-headed monster). Kungiya ce mai hain gwiwa amma ba ta da tsari mai karfi, wadda ke iya daidaitawa da sake habaka kanta ko da an cire shugaba na yanzu.

An tsara su ne don su iya jure rashin shugabansu, inda cire su wani lokacin ba abin so bane ga al’ummar da suke ciki.

Me ya sa? A bara, lokacin da aka kashe Halilu Sububu, alal misali, wata majiya ta shaida wa masu binciken cewa, “Kuskure ne a kashe Buzu (Halilu). Ya fara yin abubuwa masu kyau, yana gaya wa ‘yan bindiga su daina damun Fulani, wanda hakan yi tasiri soasi a Zamfara, Kaduna, Katsina, Kebbi da Sokoto.”

A wasu kalmomi, a wani yanayi na canjin hali mai ban mamaki, ‘yan bindiga suna sauyawa daga “’yan ta’adda da masu laifi” zuwa “masu kula,” suna cike gibin da gwamnati marasa halarta suka bari.

Za ka iya kiran shi ‘Stockholm Syndrome’, idan ka so, amma waanda suka yi mamakin dalilin da ya sa shugaban ‘yan bindiga, Kachalla Ado Aliero, aka naa shi Sarkin Fulani a Zamfara a 2022, ba sai sun sake tambaya ba.

Kuma waanda suka ji haushi da rashin hankali wajen yin yarjejeniya da ‘yan bindiga maimakon tarwatsa su da bama-bamai, watakila za su so su dakata su yi tunani akan dalilin yin hakan.

Yayin da ya kawo wani misali a cikin wani lamari mai tausayi, binciken ya ce, “A shekarar 2024, mutanen Kachalla Najaja (‘yan bindiga) sun hukunta garin Anka (a Zamfara) saboda karbar masu gadi na gari ta hanyar hana mazauna garin girbin dawa, suna amfani da yunwa a matsayin hanya don tilasta su yin biyayya.”

A karshe, mazauna garin da suka shiga cikin hali na tsanani sun cimma yarjejeniya ta “zaman lafiya” ta hanyar biyan Naira miliyan 50. Wani mai shiga tattaunawar ya bayyana cew, ‘Shugabanmu na gida ya hana mu shiga sulhu, amma ba zai iya ba mu kariya ba ko ya samar mana da abin da za mu ci.”

Su karbi kuɗi masu yawa, su mutu da talauci

Me ‘yan bindiga ke yi da kuin? Suna ajiye “dukiyarsu,” mafi yawanci daga haraji na tilas, kuin fansa ne, da satar shanu, a cikin sifofi masu saukin sarrafawa, wanda suke amfani da su wajen sayen karin shanu, sannan kuma a wajen sayen makamai alamari ne mai muhimmanci.

Kamar yadda manyan masu mallakar bayi a Afirka lokacin mulkin mallaka suka kasance, darajar shugabannin ‘yan bindiga wani lokaci ana auna ta ne da adadin mayaka, waanda aka sace ko mabiyansu, ba sa yin karyar nuna daidaito, domin shugaban yana more wani kaso na dukiyar da aka sato.

Sai dai, duk da shahararsu ta almara, wani masunci daga Kebbi ya shaida wa masu binciken cewa, “Kaan ne abin da suke samu na duniya” kuma suna mutuwa cikin talauci.

Binciken ya kawo karshe cewa ‘yan bindiga suna ta’addanci ne sakamakon rashin jajircewa mai orewa wajen raya karkara, samar da damammakin tattalin arziki, da kuma gyaran cibiyoyi. Wannan abu ne da mai hankali ya dace ya yi tunani a kansa ga kowace gwamnati da ke sha’awar warware wannan matsala nan ta tsawon lokaci.