A lokacin da ya kama aiki a matsayin Gwamnan Babban Bankin Nijeriya (CBN), Mista Godwin Emefiele ya rungumi tsarin tafi da tattalin arzikin kasa a dunkule a matsayin wata babbar mahangar da zai dora tafiyar da tsarin tattalin arzikin Nijeriya gaba daya.
A kundin tsarin dabarun tafiyar da tattalin arzikin kasa da aka yi wa kwaskwarima na shekarar 2018, Babban Bankin ya bayyana karara cewa, za a iya tabbatar an samu nasarar tsarin tafiyar da tattalin arziki a dukule ne yayin da ‘yan Nijeriya suka iya samun dama a cikin sauki yin harkokin mu’amala na kudi da suke bukata ba tare da wata matsala ba a duk inda suke.
Ma’anar tafi da tattalin arziki a dukule shi ne samar da daidaito wajen ba tare da nauna banbanci ba ga dukkan dan Nijeriya na hulda da kafafe da hukumomin sarrafa kudade. Ana nufin hanyoyin da daidaikun mutane da kamfanoni za su iya samun abokan hulda na kudade a cikin saki kuma mai inganci. Sun kuma hada da samun basuka daga bankuna, tsarin Inshora da sauransu.
Tsarin tafi da tattalin arziki yana nufin samar da kokarin shigo da wadanda basu a cikin tsarin bankuna da kuma wadanda suka kasa shiga tsundun cikin tsari na harkokin bankuna a kasar nan ta yadda suma za su shiga a dama da su a harkokin bankuna a Nijeriya. Ya kamata a gane cewa, lamarin ya zarce batun mutum ya bude asusun banki kawai.
Akwai yiwuwar mutum yana da asusun banki amma ya zama kuma baya cikin tsarin tafi da harkokin tattalin arziki a dunkule. Amma Masana sun gano cewa, samar da cikakken tsarin tattalin arzik a dunkule yana taimakwa wajen samar da kakkarfar tattalin arziki da samar da cikakkiyar ci gaba ga al’umma a kan haka ya zama wajibi ga kasashen duniya su muhimmantar da tsarin tafi da tattalin arziki a dunkule ciki kuwa har da Nijeriya.
A shekarar 2018, an kiyasta cewa, magidanta fiye da Biliyan 1.7 ba su mallaki asusun ajiyar banki ba. Cikin wadanda basa hulda da bankunan mafi yawa daga cikin su mata ne da talawa daga yankunan karkara, sune kuma suke zama basa samun hulda da hukumomin kudade na yankunan su, suna kuma fuskantar wariya ko kuma muna iya kiransu al’ummar da ake yi wa wariya a cikin yankuna da suke zaune.
Saboda rashin issasun cibiyoyin huldar kudade yawancin marasa karfi da talakawa na shan wahala a harkokinsu na yau da kullum. Haka kuma rashin cikkaken bayani yana cutar da talakawa yana kuma sanyasu su fuskanci matsaloli a harkokinsu na yau da kullum a hada-hadar kudade.
Misali masu adashin rana-rana na shiga cikin masu karamin karfi ne wadanda basu da cikakken masaniya a kan tsare-tsaren da ka’idojin ruwa na bankin a kan haka suke shiga tarkon basuka ga cibiyoyin kudi ba tare da sun sani ba.
An shirya tsarin nan na Babban Banki Nijeriya CBN ne ta yadda dukkan bangarorin rayuwar al’umma ciki har da mata da maza za su kasance a ciki kamar yadda ya kamata, an yi kokarin warware dukkan mastalolin da ake samu duk kwua da kokarin masana tattalin arziki don a tabbatar da ba a tafi an bar kowa ba a baya ba a tsarin tafi da tattalin arziki a dunkule. Don cimma wanna manufar an tabbatar da shigowasu tsare-tsare masu muhiammci da suka hada da Tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Nijeraiya da aka yi wa kwaskwarima, samar da tsarin kungiyoyin mata da samar musu hanyoyi masu saukin hulda da cibiyoyin samar da kudade a Nijeriya da wasu tsare-tsaren da suka hada da ‘National fintech strategy’ da “Payment system bision (PSB) 2025” da sauransu, an sa su a taswirar tsarin tattalin arziki a dukukle a Nijeraiya don cimma wannan buri na Babban Banki Nijeriya (CBN).
Yana da matukar muhimmanci na gane cewa, daga shekarar 2012 zuwa yanzu, an aiwatar da tsare-tsare fiye da 59 wadanda masu ruwa da tsaki suka jagoranta don samun cikkakkiyar nasarar cimma manufofin tafi da tattalin arzik a dukule. Wadanna manufofi da tanade-tanade an samar da su ne tun daga bangaren Bankuna, bangaren Inshore, Kasuwannin hannayen jari da hukumomin da ke da alhakin bunkasa kasa don su samar da tsarin tattalin arziki a dunkule a fadin Nijeriya.
A yayin da ake kokarin aiwatar da wadannan tsare-tsaren, yana matukar muhimmanci mu jinjina wa dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki a wannan kokarin musamman Babban Bankin Nijeriya a karkashin shugabancin Mista Emefiele wanda kokarinsa ne da zimmar ganin an samar da tsarin tattalin arziki a dunkule ga manoma masu karamin karfi fiye da Miliyan 4 da masu kananan da matsaikatar masa’anantu a fadin tarayyar kasar nan wanda ta haka aka samau nasarar samar da aikin yi ga fiye da mutum miliyan 2 wanda hakan ya taimaka wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin Nijeriya. Ana sa ran zuwa karshen shekarar 2024 za a iya samun cimma nasarar kaiwa ga kashi 95 na dunkulalliyar tattalin arziki a Nijeriya gaba daya.
Haka kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a fahimaci cewa, kasancewar Nijeriya wata babbar kasuwa ce mai tasiri a duniya, akwai matukar muhimmanci a rungumi tsarin dunkulalliyar tattalin arziki don tafiya tare da yadda harkokin kasuwanci ke tafiya a wannan zamanin.
Yana kuma da muhimmanci musamman ganin tasirin da tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa a dunkuke zai yi ga bunkasar tattalin arzkin Nijeriya. A bayyane lamarin yakje cewa, ba a taba samun wani lokaci da aka samu yawaitar tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki masu taimaka wa ci gaba al’umma ta hanyar samar da yanayin da tattalin arzikin kasa zai bunkasa ba tare da wata mastala ba tare da kuma da samar da yanayin hadin kai a tsakanin al’umma, hukumomin gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu a Nijeriya ba sai a wannan lokancin da muke ciki.
Daga mahangar dukkan masu nazari da tsara harkokin gwamnatin Nijeriya na ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasar tafi da tattalin arziki a dukkule kuma ta ci gaba da kokarin an cimma dukkan manufofn da aka tsara a cikin lokacin da aka tsara cimma musu.
Abin lura a nan kuma shi ne a halin yanzu a fadin duniya an amince da cewa, tafi da tattalin arziki a dunkulke hanya ce na rage talauci da kuma bunkasa tattalin arzikin al’umma. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa, samun asusun ajiyar Banki na daya daga cikin matakai na shiga babban tsarin tafi da tattalin arziki a dunkule. A wani taro da aka gudanar a karkashin Bankin na Duniya wanda aka yi wa lakabi da ‘Unibersal Financial Access Initiatibe’ wanda aka kamamla tsarin a shekarar 2020, an zartar da cewa, za a ba mutane da suke da asusun ajiyar banki muhimmanci a tsare-tsaren tafi da tattalin arziki a dunkule a sassan duniya.
Banki Duniya ya kuma bayyana cewa, an samu gaggarumin nasara a kokarin samar da tattalin arziki a dunkule inda suka kara da cewa a halin yanzu magidanta fiye da Biliyan 1.2 a fadin duniya suka samu nasarar bude asusu banki a tsakanin shekarar 2011 zuwa 2017. Ya zuwa wannan lokacin an tabbatar da cewa, magidanta fiye da kashi 69 suke da asusun banki a fadin duniya gaba daya. Abin dadada rai a nan kuma shi ne wannan ya haifar da karuwa tsarin tafi da harkokkin kudi ta kafafen sadarwa intanet musamman abin da ya shafi sarrafa kudi ta wayar salula, a yanzu a wannan harkar a fiye da kasashen duniya 80 ciki har da Nijeriya wanda abin ya matukar bunkasa.
A bangaren Babban Bankin Nijeriya CBN an tabbatar da cewa, mutane da daidaiku da harkokin kasuwanci sun samu damar mu’amala tare da samun bayanai a kan harkokin bankuna ta hanyar kafafen sadarwa na zamani (Intanet) ba atre da wahala ba, wannan ya hada da hanyoyin saye da sayarwa da karbar basuka da abubuwan da suka shafi Inshore, ana wannan ne kuma tare da fadada tunani don amfanuwar al’umma a bangarorin tattalin arziki gaba daya. Haka kuma an shirya yadda tsarin zai tabbatar da an samar wa da al’umma wadannan tsare-tsaren ta hanya masu sauki da kuma tattabar da dorewarsu.
An karfafa tsarin tafi da tattalin arziki a dunkule ne ta hanyar samar da tsarin tattalin arziki mai dorewa, abin jnufi a nan shi ne, shigo da tsarin mu’amala na kudi na ‘Cashless policy’. Wanda masana suka tabbatar da cewa, ya taimaka matuka wajen kusantar tare da saukaka wa al’umma hanyoyin mu’amala da kudade a fadin kasar nan, ya kuma rage yadda mutane ke tururuwa zuwa bankuna musamman abin da ya shafi biya da karbar kudade a harkokin kasuwanci wanda hakan kuma ya taimaka wajen karafafa tattalin arziki a dunkule kamar yadda aka shirya samarwa a Nijeriya.
Shigowa tare da kyawun tsarin tattalin arziki a dukule ba wai yana nufin rage mu’amala da cibiyoyn sarrafa kudade ba ne amma yana karfafa bukatar samar da tattalin arziki ne a dunkule, yana kuma da matukar muhimmanci a fahimci cewa, tsarin huldar kudi na ‘Cashless” ya samar da daidaito na hulda da sarrafa kudade ga dukkan al’umma ba tare da nuna bambamci ba a fadin Nijeriya.
Umar mai sharhi ne a kan tattalin arziki daga Kano
