Duk da makudan kudaden da gwamnatin tarayya ta batar a harkar wutar lantarki, wanda ya kai kimanin naira tiriliyan bakwai, domin ganin wutar ta wadata a Nijeriya; hakarta ba ta cimma ruwa ba.
Har zuwa lokacin da gwamnatin ta yanke shawarar sayar da kamfanonin bangarorin samarwa da kuma rabon wutar lantarkin, tun a watan Nuwambar shekarar 2013; amma zuwa yanzu ba ta canza zani ba, domin kuwa matsalar dauke wutar lantarkin ta jima da zama ruwan dare ga ‘yan Nijeriya.
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Binciken LEADERSHIP ya tabbatar da cewa, an samu katsewar wutar lantarki a fadin Nijeriya baki-daya har sau 223 daga shekarar 2010 zuwa wannan shekara da muke ciki.
A binciken, an tabbatar da katsewar wutar lantarkin a shekarar 2010, har sau kimanin 42, a shekarar 2011 sau 19, a 2012 sau 24, a 2013 sau 24, a 2014 sau 13, a 2015 sau 10, a 2016 sau 28, a 2017 sau 21, sai kuma sau 13 a 2018, sau 11 a 2019, sau 4 a 2020, sai kuma sau 4 a 2021. Daga shekarar 2022 zuwa yanzu, an samu wannan katsewar wutar lantarki; sau kimanin 10 a duk fadin Nijeriya.
Har ila yau, wannan katsewar wutar lantarki ta yi matukar kawo wa tattalin arzikin wannan kasa koma-baya, ta hanyar tafka asarar kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 28, wanda ya yi daidai da kusan 2% na GDP dinmu na Nijeriya.
Daraktan Babban Bankin Duniya a Nijeriya, Shubham Chaudhuri, ya bayyana cewa; rashin tsayayyiyar wutar lantarki na matukar cutar da harkokin kasuwanci tare da samar ayyukan yi, wanda hakan zai iya tsamo a akalla mutane miliyan 100 daga kangin talauci.
Kamar yadda masana suka bayyana, katsewar wutar lantarki na afkuwa ne sakamakon dalilai da dama, wadanda suka hada da satar kayan wutar da lalata ta, matsalar rashin samar da gas, janyewar ruwa, yawan lodi da sauran makamantansu. Amma sun ce, gwamnatin na matukar kokari wajen ganin an gyara wannan matsala a halin yanzu.
Wani masanin harkar wutar lantarkin, Dakta Dayo Hassan ya bayyana cewa, tunda yanzu gwamnati ta dawo da mallakin hannunta tare da sanya ido a kan rabon wutar lantarkin, ta karkashin kamfanin rabon wutar lantarki ta kasa (TCN), ya zama wajibi gwamnatin ta sanya makudan kudade tare da inganta harkokin kimiyya (technology), domin magance matsalar sake katsewar wutar baki-daya.
Ya kara da cewa, “wani matakin na hana sake faruwar katsewar wutar lantarkin, wanda gwamnatin za ta iya magancewa shi ne, samar da wadatacciyar wutar lantarkin a duk fadin kasa baki-daya. Mafi yawan injinan da suke bayar da wutar, ko dai ba sa aiki ko kuma suna yin aikin kasa da yadda ya kamata su yi, sakamakon matsalar amfani da gas yadda ya kamata ko kuma bashin da masu kwangiyar kawo gas din ke bin kamfanin kula da samar da wutar ta kasa.
Haka nan, idan har ana so a magance batun matsalar gas a kan lokaci, dole ne kamfanin kula da samar da wutar lantarkin ya yi kokarin warware matsalar basuka tsakaninsa da masu kwangilar kawo musu wannan gas. Sannan, biyan ‘yan kwangilar gas din a kan kari; zai taimaka wajen ci gaban kamfanin gas na cikin gida tare da taimakawa wajen samun yankewarsa a kasuwanni.”
Kazalika, masana harkokin wutar lantarkin na ganin cewa, muddin ba a sake fadada hanyoyi tare da inganta harkar samar da wutar ba, zai yi matukar wuya a iya shawo kan matsalar katsewar wutar lantarkin, musamman ganin yadda al’umma ke kara karuwa a Nijeriya.
Bankin Duniya, ya dauki nauyin rahoton da aka gabatar a shekarar 2021, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa; ‘yan Nijeriya kimanin miliyan 85 sun samu matsala a tattalin arzikinsu sakamakon katsewar wutar lantarki da ake samu, inda hakan yake jawo musu asarar dala biliyan 29 a duk shekara. Masana sun bayyana wannan a matsayin wata babbar asara na makudan kudi, wanda za a iya yin amfani da su wajen sake farfado da tattalin arziki da walwalar al’umma baki-daya.
Akwai rahotanni kimanin 108 da aka samu na lalata manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki daga watan Junairun 2022 zuwa watan Satumbar shekarar 2023 tare da sake lalata wasu tashoshin wutar guda tara a watan Mayun wannan shekara a Jihar Ogun.
Ire-iren wadannan matsaloli, sun faru kusan a yankuna daban- daban na fadin wannan kasa, ciki har da Benin, Abuja, Legas, Inugu da kuma Kano. Wasu daga cikin hare-haren da aka kai wa wadannan manya-manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki, na da alaka da hare-haren ‘yan kungiyar Boko Haram a Jihar Borno shekaru biyu da suka gabata, wanda hakan yake nuni da cewa; matsalar ba iya ta barayi masu sace-sace ba ne kadai, har da takidi na yi wa harkar zagon kasa.
Wata kungiya mai rajin ci gaban Nijeriya (Better Nigeria Initiatibe), ta bayyana rashin jin dadinta tare da yin kira na musamman ga hukumomin da abin ya shafa, wajen magance matsalar katsewar wannan wuta ta lantarki. Domin a nata ganin, wannan ba karamar gazawa ba ce ga gwamnati, a ce shekara da shekaru ta kasa kawo karshen wannan matsala da ke jawo wa tattalin arzikin kasa koma-baya.
“A ‘yan kwanakin nan, kamfanin rabon wutar lantarki ta kasa (TCN), ya bigi kirji ya ce; sama da kwana 400 ba a samu matsalar katsewar wutar lantarki a fadin kasa baki-daya ba, amma sai ga shi ba a jima da bayar da wannan sanarwa ba, an sake samun matsalar katsewar wutar lantarkin. Katsewar wutar da aka samu na a kusa-kusan nan, ya shiga cikin jerin tarihin kididdigar da aka yi a 2022, domin kuwa sau takwas a jere wutar tana katsewa.
Haka nan idan ba a manta ba, sau 98 ana samun katsewar wannan wutar lantar a zamanin mulkin tsohon Shugaban Kasa, Muhammadu Buhari, duk kuwa da makudan kudadaden da aka ce an zuwa a harkar wutar da ya kai kimanin naira tiriliyan 1.51, tun bayan zuwansa gwamnati a shekarar 2015”, a cewar kungiyar.
“Ba karamar gazawa ba ce a ce kasa irin Nijeriya mai al’umma sama miliyan 200, a ce ta gaza samar da sama da mega wat 5000 na wutar lantarki. Amma idan aka yi la’akari da Kasar Afirka ta Kudu, wadda yawan al’ummarta ba su wuce miliyan 59.39 ba, tana iya samar wa da al’ummar kasar akalla mega wat 58,095 na wutar lantarkin. Inda a gefe guda kuma Kasar Egypt da take da yawan al’umma miliyan 109, na iya samar da yawan mega wat 59,000 na wutar lantankin.
Ita kuwa a kullum Nijeriya koma-baya take samu a wannan bangare, wanda ya ke ci gaba da kawo wa harkokin tattalin arzikinta nakasu tare da samun koma baya na walwalar al’ummarta”, a cewar kungiyar.
Wani masanin harkar wutar lantarki, Usman Mohammed ya bayyana cewa, a duk yayin da ake batun matsalar wutar lantarki a Nijeriya, dole ne a waiwayi batun kwangila da yarjejeniyar da aka kulla da kamfanin Siemens, na alkawarin samar da wadatacciyar wutar lantarki tare da inganta kamfanin.
Ya ce,”Matsalar da wutar lantarki ke fuskanta a Nijeriya, ba a bangaren gwamnati kadai ta tsaya ba, abu ne wanda ya shafi kusan kowane dan Nijeriya, musamman ma talaka. Duk abin da dan kasuwa ya kashe wajen gudanar da kasuwancinsa, yana dawo da shi ne kai tsaye wajen masu sayen kayansa, idan ya sayi man fetir, ya yi wa injinsa sabis da sauran makamantansu.”
“Me yasa gwamnatoci daban-daban suka kasa samar da wannan wutar lantarki a Nijeriya? Amsar ita ce, cin hanci da rashawa, rashin samar da hanyoyi da sauran kayan aiki, almundahana da sauran makamantansu a kamfanin wutar na lantarki.”
Wani wanda yake da masana’anta a Nijeriya, Mallam Bello Ahmed, ya bayyana yadda yake kashe makudan kudi wajen sama wa kansa wutar lantarki a harkokin kasuwancinsa, inda ya ce warware matsalar wutar ta lantarki a Nijeriya, ba karamin al’amari ba ne. Don haka, akwai bukatar sanya makudan kudade a bangaren kamfanonin da ke kula tare da rarraba wutar lantarkin, domin sake inganta ta. Ya kara da cewa, ya zama wajibi gwamnati ta bayar da himma wajen sake fadada harkar wutar, don ta wadata a fadin kasa baki-daya.
Har ila yau, tsohon Ministan Wutar Lantarki, Barth Nnaji bayyana cewa, masu masana’antu ba za su taba kai bantansu ba; in har ba a samu tsayayyiyar wutar lantarkin ba, haka nan su ma sauran kamfanoni za su yi ta fama, har sai sanda Nijeriya ta tsaya tsayin daka wajen magance matsalar baki-daya.
Nnaji ya yi kira da a kafa tashoshin samar da wutar lantarkin a yankuna daban-daban na wannan kasa, don magance matsalar baki-daya. Idan aka samar da tashoshi a yankunan, aka kuma hada da wadanda ake da su a kasa baki-daya, ko shakka babu za a samu damar warware matsalar da aka jima ana fama da ita.
Haka zalika, masana sun yi hasashen cewa, matsawar al’ummar Nijeriya na karuwa, wajibi ne nan da shekarar 2030 a bukaci karin samar da wutar. Bugu da kari, kusan fiye da rabin al’ummar wannan kasa, ba sa iya samun wutar lantarkin, wadanda kuma suke iya samu, ba sa iya samun ta a kai-a-kai ga kuma matsalar katsewa da ake yawan samu.
Masanan sun yi hasashen cewa, dole Nijeriya ta zuba zunzurutun kudi har sama da dala biliyan 100, nan da shekara 20 kafin kawo karshen wannan matsala ta wutar lantarki baki-daya.
