A ranar 19 ga watan Yuni na shekarar 2023, a hedkwatar UNESCO dake birnin Paris na kasar Faransa, aka shirya bikin karrama Fu Qiaomei, mai bincike a cibiyar nazarin ilmin dabbobi da dan Adam na da masu kashin baya ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin da lambar yabo ta UNESCO–Abdullah Al Fozan ta kasa da kasa da aka kirkiro don kwararru matasa a fannonin kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya da lissafi, wato Abdullah Al Fozan a takaice, don nuna yabo kan mahimmancin aikinta, na gina tarihin gadon dabi’un halittan rukunin dan Adam na farko a babban yankin Turai da Asiya ta hanyar tsohuwar kwayar dabi’ar halitta, da sabbin fahimtar da ta kawo game da tambayoyi kan lafiyar dan adam da daidaitawa ta hanyar amfani da sauyin halitta.
Wannan lambar yabo ita ce lambar yabo ta farko ta kasa da kasa da UNESCO ta kafa tun shekarar 2022, don inganta ayyukan matasa masanan kimiyya a fannonin STEM, wato kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya da kuma lissafi, ana ba da lambar yabon ce bayan shekaru biyu ga matasa kwararru biyar da ke aiki a fannonin STEM, don gano da kuma ba da lada ga nasarorin da suka samu a matakan kasa, yanki da ma duniya wadanda ke ba da gudummawa ga habaka iya aiki, ciyar da ayyukan kimiyya gaba, da bunkasuwar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, ta yadda za a karfafa aikin ba da ilmi, ci gaban kimiyya, yada ilmin kimiyya da kuma hadin kan kasa da kasa ta fuskokin STEM.
A matsayinta na daya daga cikin manyan masana kimiyya a fannin nazarin halittu na da na kasa da kasa, Fu Qiaomei ta yi fice daga cikin ‘yan takara 2,500 na duniya wajen lashe wannan lambar yabo, kuma ta zama masaniya kimiyyar kasar Sin ta farko da ta samu wannan lambar yabo, hakan daga martabar kasar Sin a duniya a fannin kirkire-kirkire na kimiyya da fasaha.
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An haifi Fu Qiaomei, a watan Disamba na shekarar 1983, ta kuma fito ne daga gundumar Jiujiang ta lardin Jiangxi dake kudu maso gabashin kasar Sin. Ta gama makarantar sakandare ta lardin Jiujiang mai lamba 1 a watan Yuni na shekarar 2003, daga bisani ta shiga Jami’ar North West don karanta fasahar Kariyar Kayan Al’adu. A shekara ta 2007, ta fara karatun digiri na farko a fannin kimiyya daga Jami’ar North West, sannan ba ta karbi tayin damar da makarantar ta ba ta na samun digiri na biyu ba tare da rubuta jarrabawa ba, a maimakon haka ta ci jarrabawar shiga Cibiyar kula da dalibai masu neman digiri na biyu ta Kwalejin kimiyya na kasar Sin don gudanar da bincike kan kasusuwa da abincin da dan Adam na zamanin da ke ci.
A shekarar 2009, Fu Qiaomei ta sami digiri na biyu daga Cibiyar kula da dalibai masu neman digiri na biyu ta Kwalejin kimiyya na kasar Sin, a wannan shekarar kuma, ta tafi Cibiyar nazarin yadda halittu ta dan Adam ke sauyawa ta Max Planck da ke kasar Jamus don neman digiri na uku, inda a karkashin jagorancin masanin ilimin halitta kuma masani kan ilimin kwayoyin hallitar gado da yadda da suke rikida Svante Pbo, ta yi nazarin dabi’ar kwayar halittar dan Adam na zamanin farko. A shekarar 2013 kuma, ta samu digiri na uku a cibiyar ta Max Planck.
A halin yanzu dai Fu Qiaomei mai bincike ce, malamar dake koyar da dalibai masu neman digiri na uku, kuma darektar dakin gwaje-gwajen ilimin halittar jiki a Cibiyar nazarin ilmin dabbobi da dan-adam masu gashin baya na zamanin da ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin.
Ta taba samun lambar yabo ta kwararrun matasan kasar Sin, da lambar yabo ta musamman ta fannin kimiyya da fasaha ta matasan kasar Sin, da lambar yabo ta kwararrun matasa mata, da lambar yabo ta matasan masana mata a fannin kimiyya ta kasar Sin da dai sauransu.
Tun tana karama, Fu Qiaomei ta kasance mai hazaka kuma mai sha’awar koyon ilmi, a shekarar 1998, ta kammala karamar sakandare, kuma ta samu gurbin karatu a makarantar koyar da malamai ta Jiujiang ta matsayi na uku a birnin Gongqingcheng. Sai dai bayan ta kammala karatu a makarantar a shekara ta 2001, ba ta zama malama ba, a maimakon haka sai ta ci gaba da zama daliba, wato ta zabi yin karatu a aji na biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta 1 a gundumar Jiujiang. Domin ganin ta cimma babban burinta, tare da amincewar danginta, Fu Qiaomei ta yanke shawarar zuwa makarantar sakandare tare da yin jarrabawar shiga jami’a. Saboda wasu matsaloli kamar matsayin dalibi, ta taba zuwa makarantu da yawa, kuma a karshe makarantar ta karbi wannan daliba ta musamman.
Malam Duan Deming, babban malamin ajin Fu Qiaomei a makarantar Sakandare, har yanzu yana tuna cewa, saboda banbance-banbance da ke tsakanin manhajar karatun makarantar koyar da malaman koyarwa ta musamman da na sakandare, da kuma shiga aji na 2 na tsakiyar zangon karatu a makarantar, Fu Qiaomei ta fuskanci wahalhalu da yawa a farkon karatunta a makarantar sakandare. Amma ta magance matsalolin da ta fuskanta a farko bisa ga jajircewa da aiki tukuru da ta yi.
Duan Deming, babban malamin ajin kuma malamin ilmin harhada sinadarai, ya yi tsokaci cewa, wani abu mai muhimmanci da fa’idar Fu Qiaomei shi ne “tana da himma da kokarin yin bincike”, a kullum, za ta rubuta tambayoyi a littafinta don tambayar malamin. Lokacin da Chen Shangfa, malamin kimiyyar lissafi, ya tuna da wannan doguwar yarinya mai shiru da kwazo, ya kan ambaci musamman cewa tana “son yin tambayoyi kuma tana da kwazo da zurfin tunani”. Malamin Turanci Shen Daohua ya ce game da wannan yarinya mai gaskiya da kunya, tana da rubutu mai kyau kuma tana yawan yin tambayoyi. Bisa namijin kokarinta, a jarrabawar rabin zangon karatu da aka yi bayan wata biyu, Fu Qiaomei ta samu matsakaicin maki a ajinsu.
A cikin wadannan watanni biyu kacal, Fu Qiaomei ta cimma nasarar koyon dukkan abubuwan da aka yi bata nan na tsawon shekaru uku, da sauran abubuwan da ba ta yi ba a shekarar farko ta sakandare.
Duk da mamakin da malamai da abokan karatunta suka yi game da ci gaban da ta samu, amma ita kadai ta san irin bakin cikin da take ji yayin da wasu mugayen abokan karatunta maza suka ce wai ta girmi abokan karatunta da shekara biyu, amma ta san cewa, nuna rashin damuwa ita ce hanya mafi dacewa ta mantawa da duk wata irin matsala da ma samun ci gaba a rayuwa.
Bayan ta shafe shekaru biyu tana kokarin karatu a makarantar sakandare, hakurinta ya yi mata rana, a shekarar 2003 Fu Qiaomei ta ci jarrabawar shiga jami’ar NorthWest, inda ta samu maki 513.
A lokacin da take karama, Fu Qiaomei ba ta da wani tsari ko ka’idodi a rayuwarta. A lokacin kuruciyarta, Fu Qiaomei ta zabi ta mayar da hankali kan fannin binciken kimiyya.
Da alama darajar tattalin arziki a cikin ilmin gadon kwayoyin halitta na da da ta tsunduma a cikinta ba ta kai sauran fannoni ba, kuma abubuwan da ilmin ya shafa wadanda ake iya amfani da su ba su da fa’ida sosai. To amma tun tana karatun digiri na farko, ba ta taba mantawa da nazarin kayayyakin tarihin halittu ba, a tsawon wannan lokaci, ta samu damar sauya tsarin karatu, amma kullum ta kan dage kan abun da take sha’awar bincike. Ta ce, “Kada a bi diddigin suna da arziki.” Idan aka yi la’akari da komai bisa ga darajar tattalin arzikinsu, to “al’ummar bil’adama ba za ta wanzu ba.”
Fu Qiaomei ta tsunduma cikin ayyukan binciken gadon kwayoyin halitta na da tare da dagewa kamar yadda masanan kimiyya ke yi.
Lokacin da ta isa Cibiyar nazari game da sauyin halittu ta dan Adam ta Max Planck da ke kasar Jamus a shekarar 2009, don samun digiri na uku a ilimin dabi’ar kwayar halittar dan Adam na zamanin da, Fu Qiaomei ta kasance cikin fargaba sosai. Lokacin da take karatun digirinta na biyu a kasar Sin, ta yi nazari kan abubuwan da suka shafi abincin manoma na zamanin farko, kuma ba ta da kwarewa a fannin tsoffin kwayoyin halittun gado na DNA ko ma dabi’ar kwayoyin halittu. Amma Fu Qiaomei ta mayar da hankali kan nata binciken. A wata hira da mujallar Nature, malaminta Svante Pbo ya bayyana ta a matsayin “daya daga cikin dalibai masu kwazo”.
Lokacin da ta shiga kungiyar Pbo, ‘yan kungiyar suna dab da kammala aikin zanen jerin kwayoyin halittar mutanen Neanderthal. “Na kasance cikin matukar matsi a lokacin, a gare ni akwai abubuwan sha’awa da na ban tsaro a binciken da nake yi a lokacin.” Fu Qiaomei ta kara da cewa, “Na shiga wannan tawagar a lokacin da ya dace.”
Ta koyi yadda ake tattara kananan samfuran DNA daga tsoffin kasusuwa, kuma cikin sauri ta kware a fannin sanin sauyin kwayoyin halitta, ilmin sadarwar halittu da yadda kwamfuta za ta yi nazarin bayanan da ta samu.
A shekarar 2015, mujallar “Nature” ta wallafa wata kasida tare da Fu Qiaomei a matsayin marubuciya ta farko, wadda ta gano musayar kwayoyin halitta tsakanin mutanen zamani da mutanen Neanderthal kusan shekaru 10,000. Sannan, ta zana cikakken taswirar jinsin al’ummar Turai a zamani mafi tsananin sanyi, wanda aka kimanta a matsayin “sake rubuta tarihin dan adam na zamani a Turai”, wanda ya girgiza Turai.
A shekarar 2016, Fu Qiaomei ta kawo karshen zamanta na tsawon shekaru 7 a kasar waje, ta kuma koma bakin aiki a kasar Sin a hukumance. A lokacin da mujallar “Nature” ta zabi Fu Qiaomei a matsayin daya daga cikin “manyan taurari goma a fannin kimiya a kasar Sin”, ta riga ta kafa wata tawagar bincike ta kasa da kasa a Cibiyar nazarin ilmin dabbobi da dan-adam masu kashin baya na zamanin da ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, inda ta sadaukar da kanta don tafiyar da dakin gwaje-gwaje na DNA na zamanin da da ta kafa, wanda babu kamarsa a Asiya.
A shekarun baya, ba kasafai ake gudanar da binciken kasa da kasa a fannin nazarin kwayoyin halittun gadon ba, inda manyan dakunan gwaje-gwaje a kasashe irin su Jamus da Amurka ke jagorantar wannan fanni na dogon lokaci. Fu Qiaomei ta ji cewa akwai “nauyin Sinawa a kanta”, don haka ta kuduri niyyar rubuta tarihin rukunin dan Adam a kasar Sin, da gano tushen kakannin dan Adam a Asiya.
A shekarar 2020, ta hanyar tattara da kuma jera tsoffin kwayoyin halittar gadon al’ummar arewaci da kudanci a kasar Sin, a hankali Fu Qiaomei ta bayyana tarihin bazuwa da kaura da yadda aka gauraya kwayoyin halitta na dan Adam a zamanin da ba a adana tarihinsa ba a gabashin Asiya, musamman ma a kasar Sin.
Fu Qiaomei ta bayyana cewa, yanzu dai duniya na kallon kasar Sin a fannin binciken ilmin gadon halittu na zamanin can baya, kuma yadda za a ci gaba da kasancewa kan gaba a fannin, nauyi ne da alhakin da ya rataya a wuyanta.
