Shekara 90: Gwagwarmayar Rayuwar Janar Gowon Da Tasirinsa A Nijeriya

Hazakar Janar Yakubu Gowon, ta fara bayyana ne tun bayan samun ‘yancin kan Nijeriya, inda ya zama guda daga cikin manyan jagororinta.

Don haka, tarihin Nijeriya ba zai taba cika ba; har sai an anbaci sunan Gowon wajen rawar da ya taka, musamman domin dorewarta (Nijeriya).

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An haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoban 1934, a Pankshin; Jihar Filato. Gawon, dan wani Kiristan farko ne da ya musulunta; ya kuma kai kololuwar mukami a aikin sojan Nijeriya.

Gowon, shi ne na biyar cikin ‘ya’ya 11 da aka Haifa a gidansu; ya taso tare da fara yin karatunsa a Wusasa da ke Zaria, cikin Jihar Kaduna; inda mahaifansa ke zaune.

A babbar Kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya, ya samu shaidar kammala karatunsa na babbar makarantar Sakandiren Cambridge, ya kuma kasance mai matukar sha’awar harkokin wasanni; domin kuwa shi ne mai tsaron ragar kwallon kafa na makarantar, dan wasan kwallon kafa, dan wasan tsere mai nisa, sannan kuma kaftin din dambe.

Daga karshe, ya shiga aikin sojan Nijeriya a shekarar 1954; tare da fitowa a matsayin sakan laftanar a ranar 19 ga Oktoban 1954.

Ya halarci makarantar sojoji mai suna ‘Royal Military Academy Sandhurst’, da ke Kasar Birtaniya daga shekarar 1955 zuwa 1956. Ya sake komawa Kasar Birtaniya karatu a shekarar 1962 zuwa Kwalejin Camberley tare kuma da sake shiga Kwalejin Hadin Gwiwar Ma’aikata ‘Latimer’ a shekarar 1965.

A matsayinsa na hafsan soja, Gowon ya yi aiki da Rudunar Wanzar da Zaman Lafiya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kongo, a shekarar 1960 zuwa 1961 da kuma shekarar 1963.

Gowon ya zama zakaran gwajin dafi a harkar da ta shafi aiki, domin Laftanar Kanar ne shi a lokacin da aka nada shi Kwamandan Bataliya a shekarar 1966.

Daga karshe, Allah ya kaddara Gowon ya zama shugaban kasa. Shugaban kasa kuma babban kwamandan sojojin tarayyar Nijeriya, a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1966, bayan manyan juyin mulki da aka yi a watan Janairu da kuma na Yulin wannan shekara. A daidai wannan lokaci ne, kasar ta fuskanci barazanar tarwatsewa.

Ko shakka, wani gagarumin nauyi ne da ya rayata a kan matashi; mai kananan shekaru kamar sa. Domin kuwa, Gowon ya zama shugaban Nijeriya; kafin cikar shekara 32 a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoba, wanda ya kasance shugaba mafi karancin shekaru a tarihin Nijeriya.

Wani babban al’amari shi ne, a matsayinsa na matashi; ba shi da burin da ya wuce ganin ya zama soja na-gari.

A gasar tarihi ta gaskiya mai taken, “Daukaka zaman lafiya tare”, waddda Gidauniyar ANISZA da Gallery suka shirya, Gowon ya bayyana cewa; bai taba sha’awar zama shugaban kasa ba.

“Na yi matukar jin haushi lokacin da na karbi mukamin shugaban kasa, domin ban taba shirin zama shugaban kasa ba; zuwa kawai abin ya yi”, in ji shi.

Sai dai, zuwan Gowon din; ya zo ne a daidai lokacin barkewar yakin basasan Nijeriya a shekarar 1967; wani mummunan rikici da ya yi sanadiyyar raba kan al’ummar kasar tare da lakume rayukan miliyoyin mutane.

Don haka, nauyin jagorancin kasar a daidai wannan lokaci; ta hanyar kazamin yakin basasa tsakanin Jamhuriyar Nijeriya da kuma yankin Gabashin Kasar a wancan lokaci daga watan Yulin 1967 zuwa Janairun shekarar 1970, ya rataya ne a wuyan wannan matashin soja, wanda ya jajirce wajen ganin Nijeriya ta ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin kasa daya.

Har ila yau, bayan wannan yaki na basasa; Gwamnatin Gowon ta fitar da dokar bunkasa kasuwancin Nijeriya a shekarar 1972. Dokar da aka fi sani da ‘Indigenisation Decree’, na nufin sanya tattalin arzikin Nijeriya a hannun ‘yan Nijeriyar. Wannan, wani yunkuri ne na mayar da na mayar wa da ‘yan asalin kasar mallakar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a kasar.

Haka zalika, a wani shiri na kokarin kawar da matsalar rashin hadin kan da yakin basasa ya haifar, Gwamnatin Gowon ta kafa hukumar yi wa kasa hidima (NYSC); a ranar 22 ga Mayun 1973.

Matasa maza da mata, wadanda suka kammala karatun digirinsu; an tura su zuwa jihohin da ba nasu ba, na tsawon shekara guda; domin yi wa kasa hidima; don cudanya da juna tare kuma da fahimtar al’adu daban-daban, wanda hakan zai taimaka wajen sake gina kasar sakamakon wannan yaki na basasa.

A wajen bikin cika shekara 50 da kirkiro da wannan hukuma da aka yi a shekarar da ta gabata, Gowon ya bayyana shirin hukumar ta yi wa kasa hidima; a matsayin daya daga cikin mayan kure-kuren da gwamnatinsa ta aiwatar.

Haka nan, a karkashin Gowon; tattalin arzikin Nijeriya ya rikide daga noma zuwa man fetir, domin kuwa an samu makudan kudade a bangaren man fetir din; wanda ya haifar da samun dimbin ayyukan raya kasa da gine-gine da suka hada da; ginin tituna, jami’o’i, asibitoci, manyan sakatariyoyin gwamnati, barikin sojoji, otel-otel, masana’antu da sauran makamantansu.

Har ila yu, a lokacin mulkinsa ne aka bullo da hukumar bayar da tallafin karatu ta tarayya da kuma horar da jami’an tsaro na Nijeriya, wadda ta zama ta daya wajen horaswa a dukkanin fadin Afirka. Ya kuma mayar da Nijeriya daga tsarin yankuna zuwa jiha, ta hanyar samar da jihohi 12.

Al’amarinsa bai tsaya iya Nijeriya kadai ba, domin kuwa yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa, wajen kafa Kungiyar Bunkasa Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS), sakamakon rajin da yake da shi na gnin yankunan sun hade wuri guda.

Yayin da Gowon ke halartar taron OAU ne a Kampala, ranar 29 ga Yulin shekarar 1975; wasu tawagar sojoji suka sanar da hambarar da gwamnatinsa. Masu yunkurin juyin mulkin, sun hada da Birgediya Murtala Muhammed a matsayin shugaban sabuwar gwamnatin, sai kuma Birgediya Olusegun Obasanjo a matsayin mataimakinsa.

Ilimi Da Gwagwarmayarsa:

Kokarin Gowon na ci gaba da neman ilimi tare da jajircewa, ko kadan ba su disashe ba; saboda aikinsa na soja. Haka nan, hatta da hambarar da gwamnatinsa da aka yi, bai hana shi ci gaba da abubuwan da za su taimaki rayuwarsa da kuma bayar da gudunmawa ga sauran al’umma ba.

Haka zalika, bayan saukarsa daga mulki; tsohon shugaban kasar ya sake komawa makaranta. Duniyar da ta fi karkata zuwa gwagwarmaya, ya nemi sake fasalin kansa, don amfani da lokacin da yake da shi. ya kuma yi hakan ne a lokacin da ya yi gudun hijira zuwa Kasar Birtaniya

Ya samu gurbin karatu a Jami’ar Warwick, inda ya samu shaidar kammala Digirin-digirgir a fannin Kimiyyar Siyasa (Political science) a matsayin dalibi. Daga bisani kuma, Gowon ya zama Farfesa a dai wannan fanni na Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami’ar Jos; a tsakiyar shekarar 1980.

Haka zalika, hakan ya kuma ba shi lokaci; don gina dangantakarsa da mahaliccinsa. Kana, a cikin gidansa na Burtaniya da ke kan iyakar Arewacin London da Hertfordshire; ya yi aiki a Coci.

Tun bayan day a yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati, tsohon shugaban kasar ya kasance kan gaba wajen al’amuran ci gaban wannan kasa tare da taka rawar na jiki da kuma ruhi. Ta hanyar kungiyarsa ta addini, mai suna ‘Nigeria Prays’ da aka kafa a shekarar 1990, tsohon shugaban kasar ya ci gaba da jagorantar al’amuran zaman lafiya a Nijeriya.

Babu shakka, Gowon ya taka rawar gani wajen kawar da wariyar launin fata, domin kuwa a kwai lokacin da tsutsotsi suka mamaye Kasar Guinea; ta hanyar tattaunawa da yin aiki tare da tsohon shugaban kasar Amurka, Jimmy Carter; aka yi kokarin shawo kan matsalar.

Yayin da yake gangamin yaki da wannan annoba, ana kyautata zaton ya ziyarci akalla al’ummomi 132. Haka zalika, jakada ne na kasa kan kawar da cutar Hanta (Hepatitis) a Nijeriya.

A shekarar 1992, ya kafa Cibiyar Hadin Kan Kasa da Kasa ta Yakubu Gowon, wadda ke taimakawa wajen inganta shugabanci da kuma magance matsalolin da suka shafi lafiyar al’umma.

Tasirin da yake da shi a matsayinsa na guda cikin iyayen kasa, bai tsaya iya Nijeriya kadai ba; ya jagoranci tawagar sa ido ta Kungiyar Bunkasa Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS), a zaben Shugaban Kasar Ghana a 2008, kana ya jagoranci wata tawagar sa ido na zaben Kasar Guinea a shekarar 2010; ya kuma sake jagorantar tawagar sa ido ta Kungiyar Kasashen Rainon Ingila (Commonwealth) a Zambia, da kuma shugabantar wasu manya-manyan ayyuka.

Bugu da kari, mamba ne kuma na Kungiyar tsofaffin shugabannin kasashen Afirka.

Gowon Ya Sadaukar Da Kansa Don Hidimta Wa Nijeriya– ACF

Kungiyar Dattawan Arewa (ACF), ta bayyana tsohon shugaban kasa Janar Yakubu Gowon, dattijon da ya sadaukar da kansa; don yi wa Nijeriya aiki.

Da yake magana a maimakon kungiyar, Sakataren Yada Labarai na Kasa, Farfesa Tukur Muhammad-Baba ya bayyana cewa, tsohon shugaban kasar; mutum ne mai kokarin ganin Nijeriya ta ci gaba da zama kasa guda, musamman idan aka yi la’akari da nasarar day a samu a yakin basasan da aka yi, wanda ka iya wargaza wannan kasa.

Ya ce, “A nasarar da ya samu, ko kadan bai yi girman kai ba; bai kuma yarda da cin zarafin dakarun ‘yan tawaye ba, sai ya yi amfani da ka’idojin da suka dace.

“Bugu da kari, domin jaddada kurinsa na ganin Nijeriya ta kasance da manufa daya, ya tabbatar da ganin cewa, ba a bai wa kowane daya daga cikin sojojin Nijeriya lambar girmamawa ba, sakamakon jajircewarsu a waurin yaki. Shi yasa wannan nasara da ya samu har yanzu take bin sa, ya kuma zama zakaran gwajin dafi a tsakanin shugabanni”.

A cewar Farfesan, kungiyar tasu ta Dattawan Arewa; na cike da farin cikin ganin cewa, har yanzu Janar Gowon na nan a raye tare kuma da yi masa fatan ci gaba da kasancewa a rayen, cikin kuma koshin lafia.

Gudunmawarsa Ga Nijeriya Ba Za Ta Taba Yankewa Ba- Afenifere

A nata bangaren, kungiyar siyasa da zamantekewar kabilar Yarbawa (Afenifere), ta bayyana Janar Gowon a matsayin “Mutum na musamman”.

Kungiyar ta kuma bayyana kyakkyawar gudunmawar day a bayar ga ci gaban Nijeriya a matsayin “Abu na din-din-din”.

Da aka tuntubi sakataren yada labaran kungiyar na kasa, Kwamared Jare Ajayi cewa ya yi; tsohon shugaban kasar Nijeriyar mutum ne na daban, wanda kuma ya amsa sunansa a matsayin shugaba.

A cewarsa, “Yana nan a kundin tarihi cewa, an dora wa Janar Yakubu Gowon nauyin shugabancin wannan kasa; yana da kananun shekarun da ba su wuce 32 ba.

“Idan aka yi la’akari da yadda ya fuskanci kalubalen da suka kunno kai ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba ya hau kan kujerar shugabancin wannan kasa, ba za a iya cewa ya samu wannan mukami a lokacin da ya dace da shi ba. Domin kuwa, ya kasance matashi; mai kananan shekaru, amma duk da hakan; sai Allah ya ba shi damar yin amfani da hikima ta hanyar kawo ‘yan kishin kasa; kamar marigayi Cif Obafemi Awolowo da sauran makamantansa, masu kishin kasa kamar shi kansa Gowon din, wadanda suka sanya maslahar kasar kadai a gabansu.”

Ajayi ya kara da cewa, wani mawuyacin hali da Nijeriya ta shiga a daidai wancan lokaci; Gowon kawai zai zabi ko dai kasar ta balle ko kuma ta ci gaba da zama a matsayin kasa guda.

Duk da cewa, Kakakin kungiyar Afeniferen ya bayyana nadamar dimbin rayuka da dukiyoyin da aka yi asara a lokacin yakin, ya kuma yaba wa Gowon da sauran ‘yan tawagarsa; bisa yadda suka fito tare da jajircewa wajen ganin an sasanta tare da sake hadewa wuri guda.

Ajayi ya karkare da cewa, duk da cewa gwamnatin Janar Gowon; ta dauki wasu matakai da suka kai ga rikidewa zuwa wani abu daban, “Amma tarihi da irin gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen ci gaban Nijeriya, ba zai taba gushewa ba. Kana kuma, tawari’unsa da kishin kasarsa da kuma kyawawan halayensa, dukkaninmu muke bukata mu mu koya daga gare shi.”

Gowon Mutum Ne Mai Tsantseni– Kungiyar Middlebelt

Kungiyar Middlebelt, ta bayyana tsohon shugaban kasa Janar Yakubu Gowon, a matsayin mutum mai gaskiya da rikon amana; ta kara da cewa, mutanen Middlebelt; na ci gaba da alfahari da shi.

Shugaban kungiyar, Dakta Pogu Bitrus; a cikin karramawar ya ce, Gowon ya tsunduma kansa ne kawai cikin al’amuran da suka shafi inganta kasa.

Pogu ya kara da cewa, “Babban abin farinciki ne yau a ce an bikin cikar wani mutum shekara 90, wanda aka damka wa wani babban nauyi yana dan shekara 32. Lallai ko shakka babu, an jima ana ruwa kasa na shanyewa.

“Don haka, duk abin da wani mai suka zai fada a kan Janar Gowon; ko makiyinsa ba zai yi musun cewa, shi mutum ne mai gaskiya da rikon amana ba, Misalai kadan za su iya wadatarwa:

“A karshen yakin Basasa a shekarar 1970, Janar Gowon ya bayyana cewa; “yakin bai haifar da da mai ido ba”, domin kuwa ya yi mummunan sanadiyyar lalata dangantaka tsakanin ‘yan’uwa. Har zuwa shekarar 1975, lokacin da aka hambarar da gwamnatinsa ta hanyar yin juyin mulki; yana nan a kan wannan matsaya.

“Har bayan an hambarar da shi daga kujerar mulki, ya yi alkawarin yin biyayya ga kasa da kuma sabuwar gwamnatin da aka kafa. Duk da cewa, sabon mulkin da aka kafa ya ji kunya tare domin kuwa har agaji ya kai masa Kasar Birtaniya, inda ya yi karatu a matsayin dalibi; ta kai masa kudi, don yin amfani da su a harkokin karatun nasa.

“Tunda ya dawo Nijeriya daga gudun hijirar da ya yi, Janar Gowon ya tsunduma kansa ne kawai a cikin harkokin da suka shafi inganta kasarsa, ciki har shirin “Nigeria Prays”.

“Muna matukar alfahari da wannan fitaccen dan asalin Middle Belt”, in ji Pogu.