‘Yancin Kai: Manyan Matsalolin Da Suka Zame Wa Nijeriya Kashin Bakin Tulu

A daidai lokacin da Nijeriya ta cika shekara 63 da samun ‘yancin kai, akwai manyan matsaloli da suka zamar wa kasar kadangaren bakin tulu, wadanda aka kasa magance su tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai.

A ranar bikin murnar, an gudanar da bukukuwa da raye-rayen al’adu da wasan domin nuna murnar zagayowar samun ‘yancin kan Nijeriya daga Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960, a gida da waje.

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Ba tare da la’akari da kabila, addini da bambancin siyasa ba, ’yan kasar sun gudanar da taruka domin nuna farin ciki da zagayowar wannan rana mai dimbin tarihi.

Amma Nijeriya ba ita kadai ba ce. Ya kasance kusan tsakiyar karni na 20, samu ‘yancin kai ta mamaye Nahiyar Afirka. Ga masu fafutuka a lokacin, a yanzu nahiyar ta lumfasawa cikin kwanciyar hankali yayin da aka cire rigar mulkin mallaka a hankali.

‘Yancin kai yana bayar da damar samun makoma mai kyau ga kasar, inda kasa za ta iya yin aiki tukuru ga dukkan fannonin harkokin ci gaba da kwar da kalubalen da kasar ke fuskanta da damar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Mutane da yawa sun yi fatan za a magance tabarbarewar ababen more rayuwa da sauran kalubalen da suka mamaye Nijeriya bayan samun ‘yancin kai.

Duk da haka, ba mutane da yawa suka hango wannan lamarin ba a gefen mulkin kai ba.

Shekaru shida kacal bayan samun ‘yancin kai, abubuwa suka fara tabarbarewa a Nijeriya. Har ila yau, abubuwan da suka faru a wadannan shekaru masu sun hada da rashin shugabanci nagari, rashin aikin yi, lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa, rashin tsaro da kuma rashin fahimta a Afirka da makwabtanta.

Tun daga shekarar 1960, Nijeriya ba ta samar da wutar lantarki da ya kai megawatt 6000 ba, kamar yadda kungiyar masu rarraba wutar lantarki ta Nijeriya ta tabbatar. Babban daraktan bincike da shawarwari na ANED, wata kungiya ta kamfanonin rarraba wutar lantarki, Mista Sunday Oduntan, ya koka kan rashin kwanciyar hankali da samar da wutar lantarki a fadin kasar nan, yana mai cewa Nijeriya na bukatar wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 200,000 don biyan bukatun ‘yan kasarta sama da miliyan 200, duk megawatt 1,000 zai ishe mutum miliyan daya.

Duk da cewa jimlar da aka sanya ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki karkashin jagorancin shirin bunkasa aikin wutar lantarki na kasa da za a samar da megawatt 11,165.4 a cikin 2015, amma da kyar aka samu megawatt 4,000.

A fannin masana’antu kuwa, labarin ya fi munana. A cewar kungiyar masu masana’antu ta Nijeriya, kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na kudaden masana’antun ke kashewa wajen samar da wutar lantarki.

Wannan lamari ya yi matukar kawo cikas ga harkokin kasuwanci na kananan da matsakaitar kamfanoni, wanda su ne kashin bayan tattalin arzikin Nijeriya. A wani bincike da aka yi, sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 sun bayyana rashin wadataccen wutar lantarki a matsayin babban cikas ga bunkasa tattalin arziki.

A halin da ake ciki dai, gwamnatocin da suka shude sun gudanar da tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki, amma sun kasa shawo kan matsalar.

An kashe biliyoyin daloli a bangaren samar da wutar lantarki, baya ga cefanar da bangaren a shekarar 2013, amma har yanzu labarin bai sauya zani ba, yayin da ake ci gaba da tayar da jijiyar wuya na warware matsalar.

Yayin da gwamnatocin da suka shude suka yi alkawarin kawo sauyi a Nijeriya, har yanzu ‘yan Nijeriya suna kwana cikin duhu. Yawancin masu amfani da wutar lantarki sun shaida cewa abin kunya ne a ce bayan shekaru 63 da samun ‘yancin kai amma har yau ana fama da matsalar wutar lantarki, duk da sun yi kira da a hada hannu da karfe wajen magance matsalar.

Faduwar Darajar Naira Da Ke Janyo Tabarbarewar Tattalin Arziki

A shekarun baya-bayan nan dai, mafi yawancin ‘yan Nijeriya da masana tattalin arziki sun bayyana damuwarsu kan halin da tattalin arzikin kasar ke ciki daga dimbin basussuka zuwa hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, karancin kudaden shiga, rashin aikin yi da tsadar rayuwa, wadanda duk sun kara dagula al’amura a Nijeriya.

Dimbin matasa ne wadanda suka kammala karatu amma babu aikin ki ke gararanba a tituna, yayin da a wasu yankunan ake fama da tashe-tashen hankula, wanda ya jefa dalibai cikin mawuyacin halin a lokacin neman ilimi.

Matsalolin Tsaro

A makonnin da suka gaba ta ne shugaban kasa ya fusata kan sace daliban jami’ar tarayya da ke Gusau a Jihar Zamfara su 30 da safiyar Juma’a. Inda har yanzu masu garkuwan suna ci gaba da tsare wasu daga cikin daliban, yayin da wasu daga ciki suka kubuta.

Rundunar ‘yansandan ta bayyana cewa, “A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, 2023, da misalin karfe 02:50 na safe, wasu ‘yan bindiga kan babura kusan 50, dauke da manyan muggan makamai suka mamaye gidajen hayar dalibai uku a kauyen Sabon Gida da ke kusa da jami’ar tarayya ta Gusau, inda suka yi garkuwa da dalibai da dama.”

A wata sanarwa ta hannun mai bai wa shugaban kasa shawara na musamman kan harkokin yada labarai, Ajuri Ngelale, ya ce shugaban kasa ya umurci hukumomin tsaro da su kukutar da daliban da aka sace. “Babu wata hujja ta dabi’a ga irin wannan munanan laifuka ga wadanda ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, laifinsu kawai shi ne neman ilimi mai inganci,” in ji shugaban kasa.

Shugaban ya yi gaskiya. Domin rashin tsaro ya dade yana ci wa kasar nan tuwo a kwarya na tsawon shekaru da dama. Sace daliban wani sako ne karara daga ‘yan bindigan cewa akwai matsalar rashin tsaro, wadanda magabata tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai ba su iya magance su ba.

Alkaluman kididdigar ta’addanci na duniya (2023), ya nuna cewa Nijeriya ta kasance a matsayi na takwas a cikin kasashe 10 da suka fi fama da ta’addanci. Kungiyar Boko Haram da ‘yan bindiga sun mamaye jihohin arewa wadanda suke barazana ga al’umma. Sama da shekaru goma na tashe-tashen hankula ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutum sama da 30,000 tare da raba kimanin mutane miliyan 2.5 da muhallansu, a cewar ofishin kula da ayyukan jin kai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

A daidai lokacin da kasar ke bikin samun ‘yancin kai, kimanin watanni bakwai da gudanar da babban zabe, ana ci gaba da shari’ar sakamakon zaben a gaban kotu. A cewar wasu masu sa ido kan zaben, wannan ba wai kawai ya gurgunta sahihancin tsarin zabe ba ne, har ma yana zubar da mutuncin gwamnatocin da aka kafa.

‘Yan Nijeriya da dama sun nuna irin rashin gamsuwarsu game da sha’anin gudanar da mulki a kasar, yayin da mutane ke jaddada cewa shugabanci nagari shi ke kawo ci gaban al’umma.

Cin Zarafin ‘Yan Nijeriya A Kasashen Ketare

Duk da cewa kasar na alfahari da kanta a matsayinta na babba a nahiyar Afirka, amma yadda ake cin zarafin ‘yan Nijeriya a wasu kasashe da alama ya sha bamban da wannan suna. Mafi yawancin ‘yan Nijeriya da ke baraguro a kasashe daban-daban sun koka da yadda ake yawan cin zarafin su da suka hada da nuna wariya da kalaman batanci a wasu kasashen waje.

A watan Mayu, 2016, Firayim Ministan Burtaniya na lokacin, Dabid Cameron, ya kira Nijeriya a matsayin kasa mai cin hanci da rashawa a yayin wata tattaunawa da marigayyiya Sarauniya Elizabeth, a sa’ilin bikin cikar sarauniyar shekara 90 da ya gudana a fadar Buckingham. Sarauniyar ta mutu a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2022.

Cameron ya ce, “Mun samu wasu shugabannin kasashe masu cin hanci da rashawa da suka zo kasar Ingila. Nijeriya da Afganistan na iya zama kasashe biyu da suka fi cin hanci a duniya.” Wannan za a iya cewa ya yi magana kan yadda ake kallon ‘yan Nijeriya a kasashen waje.

Haka kuma a watan Agustan 2021, an ci zarafin wani jami’in diflomasiyyar Nijeriya a Indonesia. A cikin wani faifan bidiyo, an ga yadda jami’an shige da fice na Jakarta ke cin zarafin jami’in diflomasiyyan.