- Sama Da Mutum 146,480 Suka Sulale Zuwa Turai A 2021
- Hanyoyin Da ‘Yan Fasa Kwauri Suka Fi Bi
- Akalla ‘Yan Nijeriya 7,590 Suka Nemi Zama ‘Yan Afirka Ta Kudu
- Sama Da 25,000 Sun Ki Dawowa Gida A 2019
- Adadin Wandada Ke Libya Sun Kai 32,049 A 2022
- Iyakokin Kasa Da Aka Fi Safarar A Nijeriya
Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice ta Kasa (NIS) tare da hadin gwiwar Ofishin Yaki da Miyagun Kwayoyi da Laifuka na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNODC) sun kaddamar da rahoton bincike a kan fasa kwaurin shige da ficen ‘yan Nijeriya a tsakanin shekarar 2019 zuwa 2021.
Rahoton da suka yi masa lakabi da ‘SOM’ an kaddamar da shi ne a shalkwatar NIS da ke Abuja, wanda ya bankado yadda a kowacce shekara dimbin ‘yan Nijeriya ke bin barauniyar hanya zuwa kasashen ketare, sannan su ma bakin waje suna shigowa Nijeriya domin harkokin kasuwanci, ilimi, aiki ko kuma ziyarar iyalai.
Rahoton ya bayyana cewa ‘yan Nijeriya suna gudanar da fasa kwaurin shige da fice ta hanyoyi daban-daban, wadanda suka hada da iyakokin kan-tudu, teku da filayen jiragen sama.
Hukumar NIS da UNODC sun gudanar da binciken ne a tsakanin 2019 zuwa 2021 domin samar da ingantaccen adadin fasa kwaurin shige da fice don samar da tsari da daukan matakai a tsakanin Nijeriya da kuma kasashen ketare.
Binciken ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan yadda ake fasa kwaurin mutane ta yammaci da arewacin Afirka kana daga bisani su tsallaka zuwa kudancin Turai. Kana an gano cewa ‘Yan Nijeriya na fasa kwaurin ne tare da taimakon wasu ‘yan kasashen waje.
Da yake gabatar da jawabin maraba, Shugaban Hukumar NIS, CGI, Idris Isa Jere ya bayyana cewa duk wani bincike yana da sakamakon, don haka suka kaddamar da wannan rahoton wanda yake bukatar daukan mataki bayan an kammala nazari tare da yin aiki da shi.
CGI Isah Jere, wanda daya daga cikin manyan mataimakansa, DCG Haliru ya wakilta, ya jinjina wa UNODC bisa gudanar da kyakkyawan aiki na samun nasarar bankado yawan ‘yan Nijeriya da ke yin hijira zuwa kasashen ketare ba bisa ka’ida ba.
A cewarsa, hukumarsa za ta yi aiki da wannan rahoton wajen yaki da fasa kwaurin shige da ficen ‘yan Nijeriya zuwa kasashen ketare. Sannan ya yi kira ga dukkan jami’an hukumar NIS da su gudanar da ayyukansu kamar yadda doka ta tanada.
A nasa jawabin, wakilin UNODC, Oliber Stolpe ya bayyana cewa an gudanar da wannan bincike ne domin samun nasarar dakile fasa kwaurin mutane. Yana mai cewa rahoton zai taimaka wa kasashe wajen toshe barnar da ake yi.
Ya kara da cewa UNODC tana kokarin taimaka wa mambobin kasashe da ke cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wajen hana fasa kwaurin mutane, wanda zai yin hakan zai kara hadin kai a tsakanin kasashen duniya wajen gudanar da sintirin yaki da lamarin.
Ya ce wannan bincike bai samu samu nasara ba sai da hadin gwiwar shugabancin hukumar NIS da gwamnatin kasashen Kanada da Danmak wajen bayar da kudade domin aiwatar da aikin da ake bukata.
Wakilin ya ce, binciken ya samar da alkaluman yawan ‘yan Nijeriya da ke kwarara zuwa kasashen waje domin fadakar da gwamnatin Nijeriya da Sarakuna da Malaman addinai da dukkkan sauran al’umma.
A cewarsa, ‘yan Nijeriya ne suka fi yin balaguro zuwa kasashen Turai da Asiya a tsakanin kasashen yammacin Afirka.
Shi ma ministan harkokin cikin gida, Ogbeni Rauf Aregbesola ya bayyana cewa fasa kwaurin mutane ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al’umma saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki, wanda ke sauya asalin dabi’un al’umma.
Ministan wanda babbar jami’ar ma’aikatar harkokin cikin gida, Atiruke Ajiboye ta wakilta, ya gode wa dukkan wadanda suka bayar da goyon baya har wannan rahoton ya kammala. Ya nuna farin cikinsa game da wannan bincike wanda ya ce zai tsaftace al’umma wajen fadakar da mutane game da illar fasa kwaurin mutane domin ceto rayukansu.
Kamar yadda binciken ya gano dai, masu fasa kwaurin suna amfani da kan tudu da bakin tekun Nijeriya zuwa wasu yankuna na yammacin Afirka, da Afirka ta tsakiya, da Afirka ta kudu, da Arewacin Afirka sai su isa zuwa Turai. Mafi yawancin mutanen da ake fasa kwaurin su ta jiragen sama suna amfani ne da takardun bogi.
Har ila yau, binciken ya gano cewa ‘yan Nijeriya 746 da aka yi sufiyo a kansu a 2021 da ke amfani da hanyoyin kan-tudu wajen shiga yammaci da arewacin Afirka sun bayyana cewa galibin kasashen da suke hankoron isa su ne: Italiya, Jamus, Libiya, Nijer, Aljeriya, Ingila, Mali da kuma Amurka.
A matsayinsu na ‘yan kasar da ke cikin Kungiyar Bunkasa Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS), ‘yan Nijeriya na da damar shiga da zama a sauran kasashe mambobin kungiyar har na tsawon kwana 90 ba tare da an bukaci biza ko takardun tsallakowa iyakokin kasa da kasa ba.
Dokar ECOWAS ta bayar da damar zirga-zirga a tsakanin mambobin kasashenta, wannan dama ta bai wa ‘yan Nijeriya damar tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen da ke yammci da arewacin Afirka, inda ta hakan ne suke gudanar da fasa kwaurin mutanen.
A cewar rahoton, kashi biyu cikin uku na ‘yan Nijeriya da ke aika-aikar a 2021 sun fara ne da halattattun takardu, kamar yadda suke zuwa ofishin NIS domin samun fasfo da nufin balaguro a tsakanin kasashen ECOWAS, daga baya sai su tsunduma cikin fasa kwaurin mutane daga yammacin Afirka zuwa arewacin Afirka.
Sannan binciken ya gano cewa ‘yan Nijeriya sukan fara tafiye-tafiye ne ta hanyar zuwa jihohi kamar irin su Kano, Kaduna, Sakkwato da ke yankin arewa maso yammacin Nijeriya. Mafi yawancin wadanda suke zuwa jihohin ko dai a kai-a kai ko kuma jefi-jefi ba tare da isassun kudade ba wanda hakan ya saba dokar kasa. Daga nan ne suke tsallaka iyakar kasa zuwa Nijar ta jihohin Katsina, Jigawa ko Sakwato. Wadanda aka yi sufiyon a kansu sun nuna cewa suna tafiya Libya a matsayin ‘yan gudun hijira, yayin da wasu kuma ke kaura zuwa arewacin Afirka da Turai ta kasar Jamhuriyar Benin ta iyakar kasa ta Same da ke Jihar Legas, daga Benin kuma su tsallaka zuwa Burkina Faso, Mali ko Nijar, sannan su isa Libya ko Aljeriya.
Rahoton ya kara da cewa adadin ‘yan Nijeriya da ke fasa kwauri ta kasar Morocco, Mali, Murtaniya da Aljeriya ba su da yawa idan aka kwatanta da wadanda suke bi ta yammacin da arewacin Afirka da ke tsallakawa zuwa Andulus (Spain) a ‘yan shekarun nan.
Dangane da ‘yan Nijeriya da ke fara fasa kwaurin bakin-haure ta Kamaru kuwa, rahoton ya nuna cewa ‘yan Nijeriya na amfani da kan tudu daga Jihar Kuros Riba ko Jihar Akwa Ibom a yankin kudu maso kudancin Njieriya wajen silalewa zuwa Kamaru ta barauniyar hanya, inda suke tsallakawa zuwa Gabon da wasu kasashe na Afirka ta tsakiya da Afirka ta kudu.
Har ila yau an gano cewa, ‘Yan Nijeriya ne suka fi yawa wajen sulalewa zuwa kasar Afirka ta kudu, inda suke tafiya ta jirage da nufin yawon bude ido. A tsakanin 2014 zuwa 2019, ‘yan Nijeriya 7,590 suka nemi takardar izinin zama ‘yan kasa a Afirka ta kudu.
Binciken kara da cewa a shekarar 2017, ‘yan Nijeriya 18,260 suka tsallaka Turai ta barauniyar hanya ta kan-tudu da ta teku, wanda shi ne mafi yawan adadin bakin da aka samu a wannan shekara. Haka nan a 2021, yawan mutanen da suka isa Turai ta barauniyar hanya ta kan-tudu da ta ruwa sun kai 146,480, kasashen da suka fi yawan bakin-hauren na yankin arewacin Afirka ne wadanda suka hada da Tunisiya, Morocco, Aljeriya da Egypt, sai kuma kasar Bangaladeshi da take biye musu. A 2021, ‘yan Nijeriya 1,912 suka yi yunkurin shiga Turai ta barauniyar hanya ta kan-tudu da ta ruwa.
Ta bangaren shiga Turai ta teku kuwa a shekarar 2021, rahoton ya nunar da cewa mafi yawancin ‘yan Nijeriya suna shiga Turai ta barauniyar hanya ta gabar teku daga Libya ko Tunisiya zuwa Italiya a tsakanin 2015 zuwa 2017 inda adadinsu ya kai 78,141. A tsakanin 2018 zuwa 2020 kuwa, ‘yan Nijeriya 3,151 suka shiga Turai ta barauniyar hanya ta teku da ta kan tudu, kashi 65% sun bi ta tsakiyar teku, yayin da 29% suka bi ta gabashin teku, sai kuma kashi 6% da suka bi ta yammacin teku.
A cewar rahoton, a shekarar 2021 mafi yawancin ‘yan Nijeriya da suka shiga Turai ta barauniyar hanya, kashi 60% sun isa Turkiyya ne sannan suka garzaya Bulgeriya da Girka, wadanda suka yi amfani da teku ta yamma, yayin da kashi 38% suka shiga ta tsakiyar teku. A karshen watan Mayun 2022, adadin ‘yan Nijeriya da suka shiga Turai ta barauniyar hanya sun kai 3,207, inda kashi 83% suka yi amfani da teku ta bangaren yammaci, sai kashi 16% da suka bi ta tsakiyar teku, yayin da kashi 1% suka yi amfani da tekun ta bangaren arewa maso yammacin Afirka ta tsibirin Canary da ke kasar Spaniya.
Binciken ya kuma bayyana cewa a karshen watan Afrilun 2022, adadin ‘yan Nijeriya da ke zaune a kasar Libiya ya kai 32,049, inda a duk cikin mutum 5 akan samu maza guda uka, sai kuma mata da kananan yara, sai kuma kashi 6% na wannan adadin da suka kasance su kadai. An dai samu raguwar yawan wadanda suke kokarin shiga Turai sakamakon kara saurara matakan tsaro a kan iyakokin kasa ta gefen bakin teku.
Bugu da kari, rahoton ya bayyana cewa a shekarar 2019, an samu karuwar adadin yawan ‘yan Nijeriya da ke shiga Turai ta jiragen sama da takardun bogi. A shekarar 2020, abin ya ragu sosai inda aka samu jimillar mutum 3,719 da suka yi amfani da takardun bogi wajen shiga Turai, idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar 2019 wanda aka samu 5,228. Haka kuma ‘yan Nijeriya ba sa cikin manyan kasashe guda uku (Ukrain, Albaniya da Turkiyya) da ke amfani da takardun bogi, inda wasu ke taimaka musu wajen yin amfani da filin jiragen saman Istanbun da ke Turkiyya da na Casablanca a Morocco a matsayin hanyoyin shiga Turai ta jiragen sama.
Haka kuma binciken ya bayyana cewa ‘yan Nijeriya suna gudanar da fasa kwaurin bakin-haure ta jirajen sama wajen amfani da wakilan kamfanonin tafiye-tafiye masu rajista, musamman a Jihar Kano da ke arewacin Nijeriya, inda suke samun biza da aiki mai gwabi a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Saudiyya da Kuwait, Oman, Lebanon da Jordan. A wasu lokutan suna fasa kwaurin ne ta amfani da wakilai daga Nijeriya da na kasahen waje lokacin da suka bukaci biza na wacin-gadi daga baya sai su ci gaba da zama ba bisa ka’ida ba.
Dangane da bakin-hauren da suke shigowa cikin Nijeriya kuwa, rahoton ya samu takaitaccen bayani kan fasa kwaurin mutane ‘yan kasashen ketaren da ke kwararowa zuwa Nijeriya daga kasashe irin su Kamaru, Chadi da arewacin Afirka. Duk da bukatar samun biza nan take da suke gabatarwa, amma hakan bai hana su bin ta barauniyar hanya ba zuwa Nijeriya.
Hukumar NIS ta yi wa baki ‘yan kasashen Nijar da ke zaune a Nijeriya 782 rajista a 2020, maza 680, mata 102, sai ‘yan kasar Benin 226, mata 122, maza 104, da ‘yan Togo 31, maza 19, mata 12. Akwai kuma ‘yan kasar Chadi 12, maza 8, mata 4, sai ‘yan kasar Kamaru 11, maza 7, mata 4. Bakin-hauren da ke shigowa Nijeriya suna amfani ne da irin hanyoyin da ‘yan safarar bil’adama daga Nijeriya ke amfani da su zuwa Turai.
A shekarar 2021, rahoton ya bayyana cewa maza sun fi shiga wannan aika-aika ta safarar bakin-haure inda suke da kashi 78%, sai mata da ke da kashi 19 da kuma mata-maza da ke da kashi 3%. A 2021, kashi 48% na masu fasa kwaurin sun hadu da wadanda suka yi safarar su ne ta hanyar ‘yan’uwa da abokan arziki, kashi 38% sun hadu da su a karan-kansu ne, yayin da kashi 14% masu fasa kwaurin ne suka zo wurinsu.
Rahoton ya kara da cewa a shekarar 2021, kashi 48% da suka tsunduma cikin harkar fasa kwaurin mutane sun fuskanci hadarin fataucin mutane, kashi 30% an yi garkuwa da su, kashi 28% sun fuskanci hadari a zahirance, kashi 27% an yi musu fyade, yayin da kashi 4% aka yi musu fashi da makami. Mafi yawancin wadanda suke fuskantar hadarin dai da suka kai kashi 88% yara ne.
Sashi na 64 zuwa 101 na dokar hukumar NIS mai lamba ta takwas ta shekarar 2015 ta yi daidai da tsarin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tanadar na hukunta masu fasa kwaurin bakin-haure. Dokar ta tanadi cewa duk wanda aka kama da laifin yin fasa kwaurin shige da fice ko taimaka wa wani shiga wata kasa ta barauniyar hanya ko taimakon kudi, to za a hukunta shi daidai da dokar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tanada.
A matsayin mamba a ECOWAS, Nijeriya ta dauki tsarin ECOWAS na gudanar da zirga-zirga. Idan aka samu laifin fasa kwaurin shige da fice a tsakanin yankunan kasashen ECOWAS, dokar shekarar 2015 na hukumar NIS ta tanadi hukunci mai tsanani. Haka kuma Nijeriya ta amince da daukar matakai da ka’idoji kan fasa kwaurin mutane.
Hukumar NIS ce ke da alhakkin kula da iyakokin Nijeriya, domin dakile fasa kwaurin mutane, hukumar ta kulla kawance da sauran hukumomi wadanda suka hada da rundunar ‘yansandan Nijeriya (NPF), hukumar tsaron sirri ta (DSS), hukumar jami’an tsaron fararen hula (NSCDC), hukumar hana safarar mutane (NAPTIP), hukumar hana sha da fataucin miyagun kwayori (NDLEA) da kuma hukumar kula da ‘yan gudun hijira (NCFRMI), wanda suke aiki kafada da kafada wajen kula da shige da fice.
A shekarar 2018, hukumar NIS ta samu nasarar damke wadanda ake zargi da fasa kwaurin mutane 22, ta damke 72 a 2019, ta kama 11 a 2020. A shekarar 2020 adadin ya ragu sakamakon matakan da hukumomi suka dauka saboda Korona.
NIS ta samu mutum 106 da laifin safarar mutane a 2019, a 2020 ta samu 71, amma ba a tabbatar ko ‘yan Nijeriya ne ko kuma baki ne ba.
A shekarar 2019, akwai ‘Yan Nijeriya 25,976 da suka ki dawowa gida daga kasashen ketare, inda aka samu 3,112 a 2020.
Domin kara dakile laifukan shige da fice, NIS ta kara daukan sababbin jami’ai a bangaren sashin shari’a, inda mafi yawancinsu aka tura su aiki a wajen shalkwatar hukumar da ke fadin kasar nan. Haka kuma NIS ta kara daukar jami’ai a bangaren kula da iyakokin kasar nan tare da inganta kayayyakin aiki a kan iyakokin da samar da sabbin na’urorin zamani da za su tattara bayanan shige da fice a dukkan iyakokin Nijeriya.
NIS ta gudanar da sintiri na musamma tare da hadin gwiwa da kungiyoyin al’umma ta hanyar zakulo masu fasa kwauri a duk inda suke a fadin Nijeriya.
