Masarautar Kebbi, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Masarautar Argungu, masarauta ce ta gargajiya wadda ta dogara da garin Argungu a cikin jihar Kebbi Nijeriya. Magajiya ce ga tsohuwar Daular Hausa ta Kebbi. Masarautar tana daya daga cikin manyan masarautu hudu a cikin Jihar Kebbi, sauran kuma su ne Masarautar Gwandu, Masarautar Yawuri da Masarautar Zuru.
Wuri
Masarautar Kebbi tana Arewa Maso Yamma na Jihar Kebbi ta wannan zamanin. A lokutan baya sun fadada yankin Kudu da asalin Babban Birninta na Birnin Kebbi, wanda yanzu shi ne babban birnin masarautar Gwandu da kuma ita kanta Jihar Kebbi. Yankin kasarta yawanci na ciyayi ne irin na Sudan hade da dazuzzuka tare da kuma bishiyoyi warwatse. Yankin ya hade da gangaren kogin Rima, wadanda suke samun cikar ruwa lokaci-lokaci. Ana shiga lokacin rani tsakanin watan Mayu da watan Satumba, tare da dan ruwan sama a ragowar shekarar. Ruwan sama na shekara yana kai ma’aunin 800mm. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi yana kai kusan 26 ° C, kana a cikin bazara yana zuwa 40 ° C tsakanin watan Afrilu da watan Yuni. Birnin Kebbi da ya samu gata daga Kabawa ya kasance wani karamin rukuni na kasar Hausa.
Tarihi/Asali
A al’adance ana daukar Kebbi a mtsayin Banza bakwai na kasar Hausa. Dangane da labarin da aka sani a kasar Hausa, masarautar Kebbi na daya daga cikin Banza Bakwai (“ban iska bakwai”) ko “haramtattun” jihohi bakwai. Shugabanni na wadannan sassan ana lissafa su a cikin jinsin kwarkwarar Hausa da suka samo asali daga Bayajidda.
Nassoshin tarihi na farko sun yi da yankin ya kasance karkashin mulkin daular Songhay a lokacin mulkin Sunni Ali (1464–1492). Kanta Kotal, wani Ba’amurke ne dan ci-rani da ya gangaro daga Kuyambana a Kudancin Katsina, ya zama gwamnan soja na yankin Songhay da ke lardin Kebbi, kuma ya ayyana ‘yancin kai a 1516. A wannan lokacin Surame, shi ne babban birnin masarautar.
Birnin Kebbi ya zama babban birni mai iko a yankin, inda ya bijire wa hare-haren Songhay, ya fadada zuwa kasashen Yauri da Nupe zuwa kudu sannan ya kayar da yunkurin masarautar Bornu na mamayewa da mamayar jihohin Hausa. A shekara ta 1556 kasashen Hausawa sun daina ba da tallafi, kuma wanda yake mulki a lokacin, Ahmadu bai yi yunkurin tilasta musu ba. A karshen karni na goma sha shida Kebbi ta zama karamar masarauta.
Gwagwarmaya da Jihadin Fulani
A lokacin jihadin Fulani, a shekarar 1808 Abdullahi dan Fodiyo (c. 1766-1828), kanin Shaihu Usman dan Fodiyo, ya yi nasara a kan sojojin Kebbi. Ya zama mai mulkin masarautar Gwandu, wadda ta mamaye Arewa Maso Gabas na Khalifancin Sakkwato. An kori Sarkin Kebbi, Muhammadu Hodi daga babban birninsa kuma an maye gurbinsa da Usman Masa. Duk da haka, Kabawa sun ci gaba da turjiya, kuma Abdullahi bai sami ikon kammala yakin ba. Muhammadu Hodi ya yi yaki a kwarin Zamfara, da wanda ya gaje shi Karari a Argungu da Zazzagawa. Bayan rasuwar Karari a 1831, dansa Yakubu Nabame ya mika wuya, kuma ya yi shekaru 16 yana gudun hijira a Sakkwato har sai da Sultan Aliyu Babba ya ba shi damar komawa Argungu a matsayin mai kula da Halifanci.
A shekarar 1849 Yakubu ya yi mubaya’a ya kuma ayyana kansa a matsayin Sarkin Kebbi. Bayan fadace-fadace, a wani lokaci sojojin Sakkwato sun yi wa Argungu kawanya, sai dai Sultan Aliyu na Sakkwato ya amince da ‘yancin Masarautar Kebbi da ke Argungu. Kebbi ta kulla kawance da Sakkwato da Gwandu, amma kuma an ci gaba da yake-yake har tsawon shekaru hamsin. A cikin 1859 dan’uwan Yakubu kuma magajinsa Yusufu Mainasara an kashe shi a cikin yakin da aka gwabza a busasshiyar magudanan ruwa na Kogin Rima. A 1860 aka kashe Sarkin Gwandu, Haliru a yakin da aka gwabza a Karakara. A 1867 Fulani sun amince da ‘yancin kan Kebbi bisa yarjejeniya. A shekarar 1875 yaki ya sake barkewa yayin da mutanen Fanna da ke kasan Rima suka yanke shawarar soke mubaya’arsu ga Gwandu. Sarkin Kebbi Sama’ila ya sami nasarori da dama a kan Gwandu tsakanin 1883 da 1903, tare da wasu tsauraran matakai, har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa mulkin mallakar Burtaniya na Arewacin Nijeriya a karshe ya kawo karshen yakin.
An samo wannan Tarihin ne daga encyclopedia ta Hausa
