A shekarar da ta gabata, ‘yan kasuwa da dama sun fara kara farashi kan kayayyakinsu irin wanda aka dade ba a gani ba. Daya daga cikin manyan kasashen da wannan lamari ya fi muni ita ce Amurka.
Farashin kayayyaki ya tashi da kashi 4.7 a bara – fiye da kowace kasa a cikin kasashe na kungiyar G7 da suka fi karfin tattalin arziki a duniya, a cewar kungiyar kasashe masu hada kai wajen ci gaban tattalin arziki, wadda a turance ake kira ‘Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Debelopment’ (OECD). Alal misali, a Birtaniya farashi ya hauhawa ne kawai da kashi 2.5.A watan jiya, farashi ya hauhawa da kashi 8.6 a Amurka, daya daga cikin mafiya muni a duniya.
Ba Amurka ce kadai kasar da ta yi fama da abubuwan da suka haddasa hauhawar farashi a shekarar da ta gabata ba – wadanda suka hada da karancin samar da kayayyaki sakamakon cutar Korona da kuma hauhawar farashin abinci sakamakon aukuwar mahaukaciyar guguwa da fari wadanda suka sa kaka ba ta yi kyau ba.
Me ya sa aka samu munanan hauhawar farashi a Amurka? A cikin kalma biyu, dalilin shi ne – matukar bukata.
Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon amincewar da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi a kashe makudan kudaden da suka kai Dala Tiriliyan 5 daidai da Fam Tiriliyan (4.1) domin kare magidanta da masu kasuwanci daga radadin matsin tattalin arziki saboda cutar Korona.
Kudaden da gwamnati take kashewa
Matakin rage radadin matsin tattalin arziki da aka yi wa magidanta – wanda ya hada da ba su chaki na kudi – ya taimaka musu ci gaba da sayen kayayyaki.
Magidanta sun rika amfani da kudaden domin sayen kayan aiki, da motoci da kayan lantarki sosai.
Kuma wannan matukar bukata ta kayayyaki ta zo daidai da karancin samar da kayayyaki sakamakon annobar Korona, lamarin da ya sa ‘yan kasuwa suka kara farashin kayayyaki
Wani bincike da Baitulmalun San Francisco ya gudanar ya nuna cewa bai wa mutane kudaden tallafin Korona ya ta’azzara hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kimanin kashi uku zuwa karshen 2021 – lamarin da ya sa hauhawar farashi a Amurka ta ninninka ta sauran kasashe.
Oscar Jorda, wani babban mai bayar da shawara a Baitulmalun kuma daya daga cikin mutanen da suka gudanar da binciken, ya ce lamarin a fayyace yake karara.
Mutane da dama, ciki har da fitaccen masanin tattalin arziki na Jami’ar Harbard, Larry Summers, sun yi gargadin cewa bai wa mutane tallafi zai haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki tun ma kafin a soma ba su.
Sai dai wasu da dama, ciki har da shugaban Baitulmalun kasar, da Babban Bankin Amurka, sun bayyana cewa hauhawar farashin zai kasance ta dan “karamin lokaci” kuma zai gushe da zarar matsalolin da cutar Korona ta haifar suka tafi.
Baitulmalun Amurka – wanda ya kaddamar da shirinsa na tallafa wa mutane lokacin da cutar Korona ta barke – yana jan kafa wajen daukar mataki game hauhawar farashi, ko da kuwa lokacin da hasashen da ake yi kan hauhawar farashin ya sauya, a cewar Ricardo Reis, farfesa a London School of Economics.
“Sauyin da aka samu game da hasashe shi ne ya kasance daga na dan wani lokaci zuwa wanda ya ci gaba kuma Baitulmalun ya ja kafa wurin daukar mataki.”
Tallafin da aka bai wa mutane na farfadowa daga matsin tattalin arziki sakamakon Korona, ciki har da ba su chaki na kudi, ya sa ba a ji tasirin annobar sosai ba a shekarar da ta wuce, duk da rashin samun kudin shiga sosai.
Sai dai a yayin da mutane suka kashe kudin da suka tara, hakan ya haddasa babbar matsala ga Shugaba Joe Biden a siyasance, inda jam’iyyar Republican ta dora masa alhakin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.
A nasa bangaren, Mista Biden ya dora alhakin hauhawar farashin kan yakin Ukraine, wanda ya yi tarnaki kan shigar da fetur da kuma fitar da kayayyakin abinci irin su fulawa, lamarin da ya haifar da hauhawar farashi da kuma kuntata halin rayuwa a fadin duniya.
A yankunan Turai, farashi ya hauhawa da kashi 8.1 a shekara daya, kuma lamarin ya fi shafar kasashen da ke kusa da Rasha wadanda kuma suka dogara kan fetur da gas dinta, irin su Estonia, da farashinsu ya haura kashi 20.1.
A Birtaniya, wadda ta dogara sosai kan shigo da kayan abinci da makamashi, hauhawar farashi ya kai kashi 7.8 a watan Afrilu, inda take bayan Amurka a cikin kasashe mafiya karfin tattalin arziki, bayan an kara farashin wasu makamashi, a cewar OECD.
