Juyin mulki, wani lamari ne da ya zama abun mamaki a shekarun baya amma a ‘yan shekarun nan, a iya cewa, ba abun mamaki ba ne domin ya zama tamkar ruwan dare musamman a Nahiyar Afirka.
Masoynmu masu bibiyarmu, me zai hana, mu tambayi kanmu, shin me ake nufi da juyin mulki kuma me ke kawo shi?
Juyin mulki, shi ne ƙwace gwamnatin ƙasa ba zato ba tsammani kuma ba bisa ƙa’ida ba, wanda yawanci sojoji ko ƙungiya mai ƙarfi ke yi, ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfi ko barazana domin cire zaɓaɓɓun shugabanni.
A wannan makon, alƙalaminmu zai karkata ne kan sharhi ga wannan muhimmin abu da ke barazana ga wanzuwar dimokuraɗiyya a yankin Afirka, duk da cewa, akwai dalilai masu ƙarfi da ke janyo a yi juyin mulki a ƙasa.
Ga bayani a sarari kuma a taƙaice game da manyan dalilan da ake kyautata zaton su suke haifar da juyin mulkin da ake yi kwanan nan a Afirka, musamman daga ƙarshen shekarun 2020 zuwa 2025.
Duk da cewa, kowacce ƙasa da na ta irin sanadin, kamar a ƙasashe irin Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Nijar, Gabon, Chad, da Sudan da suka fada hannun mulkin sojoji a ‘yan shekarun da suka gabata.
Babban dalilin juyin mulki, bai gaza rashin Shugabanci na gari da cin hanci da rashawa. Gwamnatoci da yawa a ƙasashen da abin ya shafa suna fama da cin hanci da rashawa, rashin kula da ababen more rayuwar jama’a, rashin samar da wutar lantarki, ayyukan yi, ilimi, da kiwon lafiya na gari.
Wannan yana raunana amincewar mutane ga gwamnatocin farar hula kuma yana haifar da gurɓacewar mulkin dimokuraɗiyya wanda hakan ke bai wa sojoji uzurin karɓar mulki cikin sauƙi.
Wasu daga cikin dalilan sun haɗa da rashin tsaro da yawaitar tashe-tashen hankula. Ƙasashen Sahel, kamar Mali, Burkina Faso, Nijar – sun fuskanci hare-haren ta’addanci daga ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra’ayi (IS, Al-Qaeda, JANIM), wanda hakan ya haifar da zargin cewa, jami’an tsaron ƙasa sun gaza. A duk lokacin da gwamnatoci suka gaza kare ‘yan ƙasa, sojoji sukan amfani da wannan dama wajen ƙwace mulki da nufin “dawo da tsaro.”
Wasu shugabanni, sukan yi yunƙurin yin kwaskwarima ga kundin tsarin mulki don sauya kujerar dimokuraɗiyya ta zama ta dindindin, kuma su yi riƙa tafka maguɗi a yayin zaɓe, kamar Guinea (2021) da Gabon (2023). Wannan sau da yawa ya kan fusata jama’a sai hakan ya zama wani uzuri ga sojoji wajen hamɓarar da gwamnatin.
Har ila yau, wasu jama’a saboda fusata da salon mulkin dimokuraɗiyya a ƙasarsu, suna ganin sojoji a matsayin masu ceto, sun yi imanin cewa, sojoji za su kawo musu kwanciyar hankali. Wannan amincewar ta jama’a, yana sa juyin mulki ya yi nasara cikin sauƙi.
Jerin juyin mulki da aka yi cikin nasara a Afirka.
1 – Sojojin Mali a 2020 sun tsige Shugaba Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta saboda rashin tsaro da zanga-zanga.
2 – Sojojin Chad a 2021 sun karɓi mulki a ƙarƙashin ɗan Shugaba Idriss Déby, bayan mutuwar sa.
3 – Sojojin Guinea a 2021 sun tsige Alpha Condé a 2021 bayan yunƙurin tsawaita mulkinsa.
4 – Sojojin Sudan sun rushe gwamnatin raba iko a 2021
5 – Sojojin Burkina Faso a 2022 sun tsige Shugaba Kaboré saboda gazawar dakatar da rashin tsaro. A juyin mulki na biyu kuma, wata tawagar sojoji ta hambarar da Laftanar Kanar Damiba duk a wannan shekara.
6 – Sojojin Nijar a 2023 sun hamɓarar da gwamnatin Bazoum.
7 – Sojojin Gabon a 2023 sun hamɓarar da gwamnatin Ali Bongo.
8 – Sojojin Guinea-Bissau a watan Nuwamban 2025, sun hamɓarar da gwamnatin Umar Sissoco Embalò.
Akwai jerin juyin mulki da aka yi yunƙurin aiwatarwa amma bai yi nasara ba da dama duk a nahiyar ta Afirka.
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