Shekara da shekaru ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa a faɗin duniya ciki har da gasar cin kofin duniya da aka shafe kusan shekara 100 ana bugawa a duniya kuma ƙasashe daban-daban ne suke halarta.
Masoya ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar Bangladesh, sun yi sowa da murna a ranar 17 ga watan Yunin, lokacin da Messi ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a gasar Kofin Duniya ta bana a wasan Argentina da Algeria.
To sai dai babu ɗan Argentina ko guda a cikin dandazon masu kallon, waɗanda ke sanye da rigunan Argentina a Dhaka, babban birnin ƙasar Bangladesh a lokacin da aka buga wasan.
Haka abin yake a manyan biranen Indiya da Indonesia inda aka riƙa samun dandazon masu kallo da ke goyon bayan wasu ƙasashen. Masoya ƙwallon ƙafa a Bangladesh na goyon bayan Argentina, yayin da ƙasarsu ta gaza samun gurbi a gasar. A cikin ƙasashe 10 mafiya yawan al’umma a duniya, biyu ne kawai (Amurka da Brazil) suka samu zuwa gasar ta bana.
Sauran biyu mafiya yawan jama’a (Nijeriya da Rasha) a baya sun sha halarta.
China da Indonesia sun taɓa halartar gasar ƙwallon ƙafar mafi girma a duniya sau ɗai-ɗai. Ƙasashen Indiya (da ta fi kowa yawan jama’a) da Bangladesh da Ethiopa da Pakistan har yanzu na mafarkin halartar gasar, kodayake a 1950 Indiya ta samu gurbin halartar gasar da aka yi a Brazil, amma ƙasa da wata guda kafin fara gasar ta janye.
Amma me ya sa duk da yawan jama’ar waɗannan ƙasashe suka kasa samun zaƙaƙuran da za su kai su gasar?
A bisa tunani, yawan jama’ar ƙasa za su taimaka mata samun zaƙaƙuran da za ta ɗauka domin fitar mata kitse daga wuta. Bakwai cikin ƙasashe takwas da suka taɓa lashe gasar Kofin Duniya (Argentina da Brazil da Ingila da Faransa da Jamus da Italiya da kuma Sifaniya) na da yawan jama’a.
Wadda kawai ta taɓa lashe gasar ba ta da yawan jama’a ita ce Uruguay. A cikin littafin Soccernomics, Szymanski da abokin aikinsa Simon Kuper sun gano cewa ƙasashe kan buƙaci matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na shekara ga kowane mutum da ya kai aƙalla Dala 15,000 kafin su samu nasarar lashe wani babban kambu.
Amma Brazil da Argentina, waɗanda matsakaicin samun mutanen ƙasashen ya yi ƙasa da wannan ma’auni, sun lashe gasar har sau takwas a tsakaninsu. Wannan ya nuna muhimmancin wani abu daban bayan arziƙi a cewar masanin tattalin arziƙin na Birtaniya.
A taƙaice, ƙasashen da suka fi samun nasara a ƙwallon ƙafa, ciki har da waɗanda ke yawan halartar manyan gasanni irin su Kofin Duniya, su ne waɗanda suka buga wasanni da yawa a tsawon tarihinsu, musamman a yankunan da ake da gasa mai ƙarfi kamar Kudancin Amurka da Turai. Wannan zai taimaka wajen fahimtar dalilin da ya sa Uruguay – da ke Kudancin Amurka mai yawan jama’a kusan miliyan 3.5 kacal – ta samu
nasarar lashe Kofin Duniya sau biyu (a 1930 da 1950).
Wasan farko da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Uruguay, wato La Celeste, ta buga a duniya shi ne a shekarar 1902, inda Argentina ta doke ta da ci 6-0. Hakan ya faru ne shekara 12 kafin Brazil ta buga wasanta na farko a matakin duniya.
Ƙasashen Afirka da na Kudancin Asiya, waɗanda suka samu ƴancin kai daga baya ko kuma inda wasan ƙwallon ƙafa bai fara da wuri ba, na shan wahala sosai wajen cimma ƙasashen da suka riga su samun ci gaba a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. Wasu ƙasashe sun yi fice duk da wannan ƙalubale. Alal misali Moroko, wadda ta samu ƴancin kai daga Sifaniya da Faransa a shekarar 1956, ta zama ƙasa ta farko daga Afirka da ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe a Gasar Kofin Duniya da aka buga a Ƙatar a 2022.
Haka kuma, Koriya ta Kudu ita ce kaɗai ƙasa daga Asiya da ta taɓa kammala gasar Kofin Duniya a cikin manyan ƙasashe huɗu, bayan ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe a lokacin da ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar tare da Japan a shekarar 2002.
Masanin tattalin arziƙi Szymanski ya ce yana ganin wasu ƙasashe kamar Indonesia, Indiya, Bangladesh da makamantansu, waɗanda har yanzu ba sa samun ci gaban da zai sa su cimma sauran ƙasashen da suka yi fice a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa.
Ya ci gaba da cewa waɗannan ƙasashe sun fuskanci cikas ne saboda ƙarancin kayan wasannin da kuma ƙarancin ƙwarewa yadda ya kamata. Amma a ra’ayinsa, ko da za a ƙara yawan zuba jari a cikinsu, har yanzu za su ci gaba da fuskantar ƙalubale saboda rashin ilimi da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa matakin ƙoli.
Ethiopia ba ta taɓa halartar Gasar Kofin Duniya ba. Ta dai taɓa lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka a 1962. A shekarar 2014 ta yi ƙoƙarin da ya kusan samar mata gurbin Gasar Kofin Duniya. Ethiopia ta kai wasan ƙarshe na neman gurbin, amma ta yi rashin nasara a wasanni biyu na ƙarshe da Nijeriya.
Wasu ƙasashe kuma nasarar da suke samu a wasu wasanni ne ke hana ƙwallon ƙafarsu haɓaka sosai. Misali, Indiya na daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi ƙarfi a wasan cricket a duniya, yayin da gasar ƙungiyoyin wasan cricket ta ƙasar, wato Indian Premier League (IPL), ta zama mafi arziƙi a duniya a wannan fanni.
A cewar Shyam Thapa, tsohon ɗan wasan tawagar kirket ta ƙasar Indiya, hakan na haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani wajen samun matasan da za su rungumi ƙwallon ƙafa sosai. Ya ce nasarar da IPL ke samu ta sa iyaye masu matsakaicin ƙarfi da waɗanda ke da ɗan yalwar hali suke ƙara karkata ƴaƴansu daga ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa wasan cricket.
A cewarsa iyayen sun manta cewa akwai damar samun kuɗi masu yawa idan ƴaƴan nasu suka samu ƙwarewa a ƙwallon ƙafa.
A cikin ƴan shekarun nan, China ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi samun nasara a tarihin wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, wato Olympic. Amma ƙoƙarinta a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa ya gaza haifar mata da irin wannan sakamako.
Mark Dreyer, ƙwararre kan harkokin ƙwallon ƙafar China da ke zaune a birnin Beijing ya ce ”Babu wani dalili a mahangar nazari da zai hana China samar da ƙwararrun ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.” China ba ta sake komawa Gasar Kofin Duniya ba tun bayan zuwanta na farko a 2002, duk da ɗimbin kuɗaɗen da ta zuba a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun daga shekarun 2010.
Wannan ya haɗa da jawo fitattun ƴan wasa da masu horarwa daga Kudancin Amurka da Turai zuwa gasar ƙwararrun ƴan wasan ƙasar, a wani yunƙuri na ɗaga ƙimar wasan da kuma inganta matakin ƙwallon ƙafa a China.
Kamar dai China, Itama Indonesia ta taɓa halartar Gasar Kofin Duniya sau ɗaya – a 1938, a lokacin tana ƙarƙashin mulkin mallakar Netherlands. Su kuwa Pakistan da Bangladesh ba sa wuce wasannin neman gurbin gasar ba.
Ita kam ma Pakistan sau uku Fifa na dakatar da ita daga harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa tsakanin 2017 zuwa 2025 saboda zargin siyasa a shugabancin hukumar ƙwallon ƙafar ƙasar.
