Bayan da aka tsawaita lokacin taron da kimanin sa’o’i 35, a sanyin safiyar ranar 24 ga wata agogon wurin, an rufe taron masu ruwa da tsaki na yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta MDD karo na 29, wanda aka fi san shi da COP29, a birnin Baku, fadar mulkin kasar Azerbaijan, inda mahalarta taron suka cimma jerin daidaito ta fannin tinkarar sauyin yanayi.
Ba a cikin sauki aka yanke shawarwari a taron ba, inda aka fuskanci babban sabani tsakanin kasashe masu ci gaba da kuma kasashe masu tasowa ta fannin yawan kudin da za a samar na tinkarar sauyin yanayi. Da farkon farawa, kasashe masu ci gaba sun gabatar da manufar samar da dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara, wanda ya samu rashin amincewa daga baki dayan kasashe masu tasowa. Daga karshe, sun yi alkawarin jagorantar samar da a kalla dala biliyan 300 a kowace shekara, don tallafawa kasashe masu tasowa wajen tinkarar matsalolin sauyin yanayi.
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Duk da haka, kasashe masu tasowa na bukatar dala triliyan 1.3 don tinkarar tumbatsar ruwan teku, da fari, da ambaliya, da dai sauran matsalolin da sauyin yanayin duniya ke haifarwa, wanda akwai sauran babban gibi duk da dala biliyan 300 da aka yi alkawarin samarwa. Don haka, wakilin kasar Saliyo da ya halarci taron ya yi nuni da cewa, dala biliyan 300 bai kai rubu’i na kudaden da ake bukata ba, ba zai kai ga hana matsalolin sauyin yanayi ba. Kasashen Afirka sun yi bakin ciki da sakamakon da aka cimma, kuma kasashe masu ci gaba ba su da niyya wajen daidaita matsalar.
Ban da haka, a kan batun yadda za a samar da kudin da ake bukata, Amurka da kungiyar tarayyar Turai sun yi kokarin matsa wa kasashe da tattalin arzikinsu ke saurin bunkasa amma wadanda har yanzu kasashe masu tasowa ne, ciki har da kasar Sin, inda suka bukace su da su ma su samar da kudin. Sai dai hakan sam bai dace ba, akasarin matsalolin sauyin yanayi da ke addabar kasashen duniya sun samo asali ne daga yadda kasashe masu ci gaba suka shafe daruruwan shekaru suka bunkasa masana’antu tare da fitar da hayaki mai dumama yanayi masu yawan gaske. A hakika, bunkasuwar masana’antunsu ta tabbatar musu ci gaban tattalin arziki da kyautatar zaman al’umma, amma kuma kasashe masu tasowa ne suke dandana kudarsu dalilin matsalolin sauyin yanayi da hakan ya haifar. Don haka, kamata ya yi kasashe masu ci gaba su sauke nauyin da ya rataya a wuyansu, kuma wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka sanya “ana tare amma an sha bambam a fannin daukar alhaki” a matsayin muhimmiyar ka’idar da ake bi wajen yin shawarwarin sauyin yanayi karkashin MDD.
Kasancewarta kasa mai tasowa mafi girma a duniya, har kullum, kasar Sin na aiwatar da manufar tinkarar sauyin yanayi da neman cimma burinta na rage fitar da iskar Carbon. Tun daga shekarar 2012, kasar Sin ta tabbatar da bunkasuwar tattalin arziki na sama da kaso 6% a kowace shekara bisa karuwar makamashin da take amfani na kimanin kaso 3% kawai, har ma yawan hayakin Carbon da ta fitar ya ragu da kaso 35%. Har wa yau, ya zuwa karshen watan Yunin bana, yawan wutar lantarki da kasar Sin ke iya samarwa ta makamashin dake iya sabuntawa ya kai KW biliyan 1.65, adadin da ya zarce rabin wutar lantarki da kasar ke iya samarwa baki daya. In an lura kuma, a yayin taron COP29 na bana, yawan motocin da ke aiki da lantarki da kasar Sin ta samar a shekara ya zarce miliyan 10, matakin da ya sanya ta zama kasa ta farko a duniya da yawan motocin lantarki da ta samar a shekara ya zarce miliyan 10. Ban da haka, kasar Sin tana kuma yawan aiwatar da hadin gwiwa da kasashe masu tasowa ta fannin tinkarar sauyin yanayi, inda kawo karshen watan Yunin bana, ta rattaba hannu a kan takardun hadin gwiwar tinkarar sauyin yanayi 52 tare da kasashe masu tasowa 42, don inganta kwarewarsu wajen tinkarar sauyin yanayi.
Kafin a kaddamar da taron COP29, kungiyar kula da yanayin duniya (WMO) ta fitar da wani rahoto, inda ta yi hasashen shekarar 2024 da muke ciki za ta iya kasancewa shekara mafi zafi tun bayan da aka fara samun bayanan yanayin duniya. A karshen watan da ya gabata, mummunar ambaliya ta afkawa kasar Spaniya, ambaliyar da ake kallonta a matsayin mafi muni a tarihin kasar. Sai kuma an yi ta fama da gobarar daji a Canada da kuma mahaukaciyar guguwa a kasar Amurka. Ko a Nijeriya, ambaliya da ta afkawa sassan kasar a bana ta haddasa mutuwar mutane sama da 300, tare da raba mutane sama da dubu 740 da muhallansu… Wadannan duka sun shaida mana cewa, tinkarar sauyin yanayi aiki ne dake gaban dan Adam baki daya, kuma babu kasar da za ta tsira ita kadai ba.
Tinkarar sauyin yanayi na bukatar gaggauta sauke nauyin da ya rataya a wuyan kasa da kasa. Muna kira ga kasashe masu ci gaba da su cika alkawarin da suka dauka na samar da dala miliyan 300 a kowace shekara don tallafawa kasashe masu tasowa tinkarar sauyin yanayi, kuma su karfafa niyyarsu da matakansu. A nasu bangaren kuma, kasashe masu tasowa kamata ya yi su yi iyakacin kokarinsu. Ya zama dole ‘yan Adam su hada kansu wajen tinkarar sauyin yanayi, sabo da duniya gida na bai daya ne gare mu.
