Garin Gusau, wani babban birni ne da aka samu bayan Jihadin Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio, wato jihadi na goma sha tara, Mallam Muhammadu Dan Ashafa, shi ne ya samu wannan gari na Gusau a shekarar 1799, a matsayinsa na almajirin Sheikh Danfodio.
Gusau ta fara samun daraja da daukaka ne, bayan koma bayan da aka samu na Yandoto a shekarar 1806. Tun bayan lokacin da ta fara kasancewa mai muhimmanci a Daular Sakkwato, domin kuwa ta ja hankalin al’umma kasancewarta ta wurin yin noma da kuma gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci.
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Wannan gari na Gusau da kewayensa su yi matukar jan hankalin masana harkar noma da wasu daga cikin manoma da dama. Haka nan, su ma makiyaya; musamman Fulani, wadanda ked a arzikin Shanu. Ana yi wa wannan gari kirari da cewa, Gusau ta Sambo dandin Hausa ko kuma Gusau ta Malam Sambo.
Kafin bayyanar mulkin mallaka, Gusau gari ne na manoma, domin a lokacin noma shi ne babban garin da ake ji da shi ta fannin tattalin arziki, domin noma ne babban ginshikin tattalin arzikin garin, kamar yadda garuruwan Hausa ke sana’ar noma da sauran sana’oi daban-danban da suka hada da sana’ar gini, fawa, kira, maroka da mawaka da sauransu.
Garin Gusau da wasu wuraren da ke makwabtaka da ita, an mika su ga Mallam Sambo Dan Ashafa, wadanda suka kasance a cikin birnin masarautar. A Gusau bayan ta kasance karkashin Mallam Sambon da hedikwatarta take a Gusau; tana da wasu garuruwa da suke karkashin Wonaka, Mada, Yandoto, Samri, Magami, Marabu, Mareri, Mutumji, Kwaren Ganuwa, Wanke da wasu kauyukan da suke zagaye da ita, kamar sauran sassan na Daular Usumaniyya.
Ta hanyar lamarin tafiyar da mulki, bayan da akwai wadanda suke taimaka wa Gusau din wajen tafiyar da mulkinta, har ila yau sai unguwanni biyar, bayan da aka kasa garin Gusau din zuwa unguwanni ko shiyya kamar yadda sunayensu suke kamar haka, Shiyyar Magaji, Uban Dawaki, Galadima, Mayana da kuma Sarkin Fada. Su ne suke da wata kafa da take sada al’umma tsakaninsu da Dagatai ko masu unguwanni da kuma Sarkin Katsinan Gusau (Emir Of Gusau). Su ne suka kasance kunnuwa da kuma idanun Sarkin. Gusau kamar sauran sassan da ke karkashin Daular Usumaniyya suke, suna aikawa da kason Fadar Sarkin Musulmi na irin kudaden da ta samu.
Bayyanar mulkin mallaka na Turawa ya kawo nau’o’in ci gaban garin na Gusau tare kuma da kungiyoyin da ke cikin birnin. Abubuwan more rayuwa kamar hanyoyi da aka sa wa kwalta, hanyar jirgin kasa, manyan kantuna da wasu harkoki, manyan kamfanoni, duk an kawo su birnin da haka ne kuma Gusau ta kara samun bunkasar ci gaban zamani.
Sai dai, duk da haka wasu tsare-tsaren mulkin mallaka da aka kawo, su ne suka sauya salon mulkin. Idan ba haka ba, garin na Gusau bai kai a rika ba shi wani girma ko daukaka ba, amma sai ga shi cikin kankanin lokaci lamuran sun canza.
Lokacin mulkn mallaka na Turawa, aka fara karbar harajin dabbobi; wato a shekarar 1907, wanda ake kira da (Jangali).
Zamanin mulkin mallakar ne, sana’ar noma ta kasance babbar abin tinkaho wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin garin na Gusau, hakan kuma sai ya kara bunkasa garin ya kasance na manoma. Sana’ar noma ta zama ba ta da na biyu, idan ana maganar tattalin arziki; wanda ake yi da Damina wajen noma kayan amfanin gona ana ci tare da kuma da sayarwa.
Jerin Sunayen Sarakunan Gusau
Malam Sambo Dan Ashafa 1806-1827
Wadannan Sarakuna shida na daga cikin zuri’ar Sambo Dan Ashafa kamar haka:
Malam Abdulkadir 1827-1867
Malam Muhmmadu Modibbo 1867-1876
Malam Muhammad Tuburi 1876-1887
Malam Muhammadu Gide 1887-1900
Malam Muhammadu Murtala 1900-1916
Malam Muhammadu Dangida 1916-1917
Sai dai kuma, daga shekarar 1917 zuwa 1984 ba a bayyana sunayen Sarakunan waccan lokaci ba.
Alhaji Muhammadu Kabir Danbaba, Sarkin Katsinan Gusau 1984-2015
Alhaji Ibrahim Bello 2015 zuwa yanzu.
