Samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha har yanzu yana ci gaba da zama mafarki ga miliyoyin gidaje a faɗin Nijeriya, waɗanda ko dai ba su da hanyar samun ruwa daga gwamnati ko kuma bututunsu ba sa fitar da ruwa, duk da biliyoyin Naira da gwamnatocin jihohi ke cewa sun kashe a fannin samar da ruwa tsawon shekaru.
Wannan mummunan hali ya tilasta wa mutane da dama kashe ƙarin kuɗi daga ƙaramin abin da suke samu domin sayen ruwa daga masu sayarwa, yayin da wasu da dama, musamman a karkara, ke faɗawa cikin matsalolin lafiya da za a iya kaucewa.
- Kabiru Marafa Ya Jagoranci Daruruwan Mabiyansa Zuwa ADC A Zamfara
- Kabiru Marafa Ya Jagoranci Daruruwan Mabiyansa Zuwa ADC A Zamfara
Daga cututtuka irin su kwalara, gudawa da zazzaɓin typhoid, cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ruwa sun zama ruwan dare ga dubban gidaje da ke amfani da ruwa mara tsafta don sha da ayyukan yau da kullum. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa aƙalla mutane 4,778 sun mutu sakamakon kwalara tsakanin 2020 zuwa 2024, a cewar Cibiyar Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka ta Nijeriya, yayin da sama da mutum 300 suka mutu zuwa watan Oktoba na 2025.
Wani rahoto da Bankin Duniya ya fitar a shekarar 2022 ya nuna cewa kimanin ƴan Nijeriya miliyan 70 ba su da damar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha, yayin da miliyan 114 ba su da ingantaccen tsarin tsafta. Hakan ya samo asali ne daga lalacewar kayayyakin more rayuwa, inda samun ruwan famfo ya ragu daga kashi 36 a 1990 zuwa kashi 11 a 2021.
Haka kuma, rahoton Hukumar Bankin Kula da Ƙananan Yara na Majakisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa kashi 70 na ruwa yana gurɓacewa a lokacin amfani, yayin da yara 117,000 ke mutuwa duk shekara a Nijeriya sakamakon cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ruwa, mafi yawa a duniya.
Binciken Daily Trust ya nuna cewa halin da ake ciki na tsarin ruwan gwamnati a jihohi da dama bai kai ga taken bikin Ranar Ruwa ta Duniya ta bana ba, wadda ake kira “Ruwa domin Jama’a da Ci gaba,” wato World Water Day da ake yi a ranar 22 ga Maris.
Bincike daga jihohi daban-daban a shiyyoyi shida na ƙasar da kuma Babban Birnin Tarayya, Abuja, ya nuna cewa duk da biliyoyin Naira da ake warewa a kasafin kuɗi da kuma tallafin da ake samu daga abokan ci gaba kamar Bankin Duniya, yawancin mazauna ba su da damar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha.
Baya ga kasafin kuɗi, akwai kuma wasu kuɗaɗe kamar bashin Dala miliyan 700 da World Bank ya bayar ga Gwamnatin Tarayya a zamanin tsohon shugaban ƙasa, Muhammadu Buhari, domin samar da ayyukan ruwa, tsafta da tsaftar muhalli (WASH) a jihohi daban-daban.
Matsanancin ƙarancin ruwa na ci gaba da addabar mazauna Jihar Kano
Buƙatar ruwan yau da kullum a Jihar Kano ana ƙiyasta ta kai kimanin lita miliyan 700, amma abin da ake samu a halin yanzu ya yi ƙasa sosai da wannan adadi sakamakon tsofaffin kayayyakin aiki da kuma tashoshin tace ruwa da ba sa aiki. Daga cikin kusan tashoshi 22 na tace ruwa, kaɗan ne kawai ke aiki, ciki har da tsohuwar tashar Challawa mai shekaru 95 da aka sake farfaɗo da ita kwanan nan.
A cikin kasafin kuɗin shekarar 2026, jihar ta ware Naira biliyan 40.2 domin ɓangaren ruwa, amma Daily Trust ba ta samu cikakken bayani kan yadda za a kashe kuɗin ba.
Musbahu Sani, mazaunin Masallacin Habibu Gwarzo a Hotoro, Ƙaramar Hukumar Nassarawa, ya ce tsawon shekaru 15 yana zaune a yankin ba tare da samun ruwan famfo ba. Sai dai ya ƙara da cewa ɓangaren NNPC Depot na Hotoro na samun ruwa daga tashar Tamburawa, yayin da sauran mazauna ke dogaro da rijiyoyin burtsatse (borehole).
Ya ce: “A cikin shekaru 15 da nake a yankin Hotoro inda nake zaune, ba mu taɓa ganin ko digo ɗaya na ruwan gwamnati ba. Abin da muke dogaro da shi shi ne rijiyoyin burtsatse mai amfani da hasken rana da mutane suka gina, waɗanda ke ba unguwa ruwa. Muna jin labarin bututun da aka binne da sayen injinan famfo kawai, amma babu ruwan da ke zuwa nan.”
Wani mazauni, Ado Fela daga yankin Gama a Ƙaramar Hukumar Nassarawa, ya ce yana kashe kusan Naira 1,200 a kullum wajen sayen ruwa daga masu sayarwa.
Ya ce: “Muna dogaro da ‘mairuwa’ waɗanda ke sayar da jarka tsakanin Naira 70 zuwa 100, kuma ina kashe kimanin Naira 1,200 a kullum domin sha, wanka, tsafta da sauran buƙatun gida. Ƙarancin ruwa ya zama ruwan dare, kuma mutane sun saba rayuwa da wannan matsala a wannan yanki na Kano.”
Shi ma Awwalu Fagge daga Ja’in Ƙuarters ya ce duk da kusancinsu da tashar Challawa, suna samun ruwa ne kawai idan akwai wutar lantarki.
Wani mazauni, Yushau Abbas, ya koka cewa gwamnatoci da suka gabata sun kasa gina sabbin tashoshin tace ruwa, illa dai tashoshin Challawa da Tamburawa da ake da su. Ya ce matsalar ƙarancin ruwa a jihar abin damuwa ne matuƙa, yana mai kira ga gwamnati da ta ba da fifiko wajen samar da ruwa domin rage wahalar da jama’a ke sha.
A nasa ɓangaren, Gwamnan Jihar Kano, Abba Kabir Yusuf, ya bayyana yayin duba yadda kasafin kuɗin 2025 ya gudana cewa zuba jari a ɓangaren ruwa na da nufin magance matsalolin ƙarancin ruwa da aka daɗe ana fama da su, tare da faɗaɗa kayayyakin more rayuwa zuwa yankunan karkara da ba su da isasshen hidima.
Rahoton Daily Trust mai taken “Funding without flow: Water crisis deepens across states” ya kuma nuna yadda matsalar ruwa ke ƙara tsananta a jihohi daban-daban, inda mazauna ke ci gaba da ɗiban ruwa daga rafuka da sauran wurare marasa tsafta, ciki har da al’ummomin yankin Kuje a Babban Birnin Tarayya.
Matsalar Ruwa Ta Tsananta A Borno
Mazauna Maiduguri sun bayyana cewa suna fama da matsanancin ƙarancin ruwa, wanda ke jefa su cikin wahala mai tsanani, musamman a lokacin zafi, inda da dama ke dogaro da masu sayar da ruwa masu tsada ko kuma rijiyoyin burtsatse na masu hannu da shuni.
Rahoton Daily Trust ya nuna cewa a baya Gwamnan Jihar Borno, Babagana Umara Zulum, ya ƙaddamar da wani tsari na musamman domin magance matsalar ƙarancin ruwa a wasu sassan birnin Maiduguri da kewaye.
Gwamnan ya amince da gyara, sabuntawa da kuma gina sabbin rijiyoyin burtsatse a wurare daban-daban a cikin birnin, tare da sauya rijiyoyi 48 na ƙasan ruwa zuwa tsarin makamashi haɗaka (hybrid), da kuma gina sabbin rijiyoyi 50 na sama.
Haka kuma, a cikin kasafin kuɗin shekarar 2026, an ware jimillar Naira 21,353,536,000 ga Ma’aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa ta jihar.
Sai dai wakilinmu wanda ya zagaya wasu sassan Maiduguri ya gano cewa kaɗan ne daga cikin yankunan da ke da haɗin kai da tashar tace ruwa ta Maiduguri.
An tattaro cewa yankuna kamar tsohuwar GRA, Shehuri Arewa/Kudu, Wulari, 202 da 203, Meri, Simari, Bomari, Gwange da kuma yankunan da ke kusa da Jami’ar Maiduguri ne kawai ke samun ruwa daga tashar, inda suke biyan kuɗin wata-wata Naira 300 kacal ga kamfanin ruwa na jihar.
Yankunan da suka fi shan wahala sun haɗa da 1000 Housing Estate, sabon unguwar Mai Mala Buni Estate da sauran sabbin yankuna a kusa da Njimtilo a kan hanyar Damaturu, da kuma wasu sassan Maiduguri.
Mazauna waɗannan yankuna sun ce suna kashe kuɗaɗe masu yawa a kullum domin samun ruwa don buƙatun gidajensu.
Wani mazauni, Muhammad Bashir Bukar, ya ce yana kashe kusan Naira 21,000 a wata kan ruwa kawai daga masu sayar da ruwa da aka fi sani da “Moya”.
Ya ƙara da cewa: “Duk lokacin da wutar lantarki ta ɗauke, masu sayar da ruwa suna ƙara farashi, wani lokaci har zuwa Naira 2,000 gwargwadon wurin.”
Shi ma wani mazauni na 1000 Estate, Modu Zanna, ya ce gidaje a yankin suna dogaro da masu sayar da ruwa domin buƙatun yau da kullum.
Ya ce haƙa rijiya a yankin na iya kai wa tsakanin Naira miliyan 3 zuwa 5, gwargwadon zurfin ruwan da kuma irin kayan aikin da za a yi amfani da su.
Wani ƙwararre a fannin injiniyan ruwa, Injiniya Ibrahim Mohammed, ya ce kimanin mutane miliyan ɗaya ne ke zaune a yankin Njimtilo kaɗai, wanda ke nufin suna buƙatar aƙalla galan miliyan ɗaya na ruwa a kullum, amma kaɗan ne ke samun ruwa daga Kamfanin Ruwa na Jihar Borno.
A Jihar Legas kuwa, duk da cewa birni ne da ke kewaye da ruwa, miliyoyin mazauna na fama da wahala wajen samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha, inda kusan kashi 90 na al’ummar jihar ba su da damar samun ruwan gwamnati, lamarin da ke nuna yadda matsalar ruwa ke ƙara tsananta ba tare da wata mafita a bayyane ba.
Bincike ya nuna cewa buƙatar ruwan yau da kullum a Jihar Legas ana ƙiyasta ta kai galan miliyan 720 a rana (MGD), amma kashi 10 kacal na al’ummar jihar ne ke samun ruwan gwamnati. Wannan ya sa miliyoyin mazauna ke fama da kansu wajen neman ruwa.
Wani rahoton WASH ya bayyana cewa matsalar ruwa ta shafi yankuna masu ƙarancin jama’a, matsakaici da kuma masu yawan jama’a a Legas. Sai dai tasirin ya fi tsanani a yankuna masu cunkoson jama’a kamar Ojota, Ketu, Oworonshoki, Gbagada, Isheri, Omole Phase 1, Magodo, Opebi, Oregun, Alausa, Allen, Awolowo Way, MKO Garden, Orile, Ajegunle da Ikoyi.
Sauran yankunan da ke fama da ƙarancin ruwan sha sun haɗa da Makoko, Ikorodu, Alapere, Agboyi-Ketu, Ajeromi-Ifelodun, Ajegunle da Agege, inda mazauna ke dogaro da rijiyoyin burtsatse, rijiyoyi na gargajiya da masu sayar da ruwa, waɗanda ruwansu kan kasance mai tsada, mara inganci kuma ba a kula da su yadda ya kamata.
Mazauna da dama sun bayyana cewa matsalar ƙarancin ruwa ta daɗe tana shafar rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum, tare da jaddada haɗarin lafiya da ke tattare da amfani da ruwa mara tsafta, musamman a lokacin damina.
A yankin Agboyi-Ketu LCDA, mazauna sun ce gidaje da dama na dogaro da hanyoyin daban kamar rijiyoyin burtsatse na kashin kai, rijiyoyi, masu sayar da ruwa da kuma ruwan leda saboda rashin tabbas na ruwan gwamnati. Sun bayyana waɗannan hanyoyi a matsayin masu tsada kuma wani lokaci marasa tsafta.
Wata mazauniya, Misis Funke Adeyemi, ta ce: “Muna dogaro da sayen ruwa daga masu sayarwa da kuma ruwan leda don sha. Yana da tsada, kuma ba kowa ke iya siya kullum ba. Wani lokaci ma muna komawa ga ruwan rijiya, wanda ba koyaushe yake da tsabta ba.”
Haka kuma a yankin Somolu da makwabtansa, mazauna sun nuna damuwa kan matsalar samun tsaftataccen ruwa mai araha, wadda suka ce ta zama ruwan dare.
An bayyana waɗannan damuwa ne a wani taron wayar da kai da ƙungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar adalci a fannin ruwa ƙarƙashin Africa Water Justice Network suka shirya a Ƙaramar Hukumar Somolu, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin World Water Day.
Wata sanarwa daga Help Initiatiɓe for Social Justice and Humanitarian Deɓelopment in Nigeria ta bayyana cewa mazauna sun koka kan yadda suke dogaro da masu sayar da ruwa duk da tsadar da ke tattare da hakan.
An kuma ruwaito cewa wasu gidaje sun haƙa rijiyoyin burtsatse, amma ruwan na da ɗan gishiri kuma yana haddasa ƙaiƙayi a fata, wanda ke tilasta musu sayen ruwan leda ko na kwalba domin ƙarin amfani.
A halin yanzu, Kwamishinan Muhalli da Albarkatun Ruwa na jihar, Tokunbo Wahab, ya bayyana cewa gwamnatin jihar na duba hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa domin rage giɓin samar da ruwa, ƙara yawan samun tsaftataccen ruwa ga jama’a, da rage dogaro da rijiyoyin ƙashin kai.
Ya bayyana hakan ne a wata sanarwa da ya wallafa a shafin Ɗ domin tunawa da Ranar Ruwa ta Duniya, yana mai cewa:
“A Legas, muna ɗaukar matakai don inganta samar da ruwa. Muna gyara matatun ruwa, saka jari a sabbin kayayyakin more rayuwa, da kuma neman haɗin gwiwa don samun ƙwarewa da kuɗi. Burinmu shi ne tabbatar da cewa kowane gida yana samun tsaftataccen ruwa nan da shekarar 2027.”
“Mun fara aiki don rage dogaro da rijiyoyin burtsatse da rijiyoyi, tare da ƙarfafa adana ruwa. Mu haɗa kai domin kawo sauyi. Kowanne ɗigo na da muhimmanci,” in ji Tokunbo Wahab.
A wani taro da WaterAid Nigeria ta shirya tare da haɗin gwiwar gwamnatin jihar, shugabar tsare-tsare da sauye-sauye a Kamfanin Ruwan Legas, Misis Titilola Oridami-Bright, ta yi alƙawarin cewa gyaran matatar ruwa ta Ojokoro zai samar da tsaftataccen ruwa ga kimanin kwastomomi 72,000.
Ta ce: “Legas mai yawan jama’a sama da miliyan 22 na fuskantar babban giɓi wajen samar da ruwa, inda kusan kashi 10 ne kawai ke samun ruwan gwamnati. Wannan shiri zai faɗaɗa damar samun ruwa ta hanyar gyaran kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma faɗaɗa hanyoyin rarraba ruwa.”
Jihar Ribas Na Fuskantar Rashin Wadataccen Ruwa
Mazauna Port Harcourt da sauran garuruwa a Jihar Riɓers na fama da ƙarancin ruwa sakamakon gazawar gwamnati wajen samar da ruwan gwamnati.
Yawancin mazauna birnin suna dogaro da masu sayar da ruwa da rijiyoyin burtsatse domin biyan buƙatunsu na yau da kullum. Duk da ƙoƙarin gwamnatoci daban-daban na farfaɗo da kamfanin ruwan jihar, matsalar na ci gaba.
Rahotanni sun nuna cewa gurɓacewar ƙasa a yankin Neja Delta na hana samun ruwa mai tsafta daga rijiyoyi, wanda ke buƙatar tsoma bakin gwamnati sosai.
Gwamnan jihar, Siminalayi Fubara, ya yi alƙawarin inganta kayayyakin ruwa, ƙara wuraren samun ruwa da kuma tabbatar da sarrafa ruwa yadda ya kamata domin samar wa al’umma tsaftataccen ruwa.
Jihar Neja: Jama’a Na Raba Ruwa Da Dabbobi
A Jihar Neja, duk da biliyoyin Naira da ake warewa a kasafin kuɗi, samun ruwa mai tsafta har yanzu ƙalubale ne ga mazauna.
Gwamnan jihar, Mohammed Umaru Bago, ya ware sama da Naira biliyan 72 a kasafin 2026 domin inganta samar da ruwa, amma har yanzu jama’a na fama da ƙarancin ruwa.
Wani mazauni a Minna, Ibrahim Mohammed, ya ce suna samun ruwan gwamnati sau huɗu kacal cikin watanni tara, yana mai cewa yana kashe kuɗi mai yawa wajen sayen ruwa.
A yankin Bosso, wani dam yana kai wa al’ummomi sama da 10, amma yana fuskantar gurɓacewa, inda dabbobi ke sha a cikinsa, yayin da wasu ke yin bayan gida a kusa da shi.
Shugaban al’umma, Malam Mahmuda Haruna, ya ce:
“Ni nake sa ido a dam ɗin domin lafiyarmu. Har ina hana dabbobi shiga cikin ruwan. Idan dam ɗin ya ƙare, sai mu fara tona ƙasa domin samun ruwa.”
Haka kuma, matsalar lalacewar kayayyakin aiki da yawaitar jama’a sun ƙara tsananta matsalar, kamar yadda gwamnan ya amince da cewa wasu manyan tankunan ruwa ba su samu ko ɗigo ɗaya ba cikin sama da shekaru goma.
Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT): Matsalar ruwa na ƙaruwa
A Babban Birnin Tarayya, Abuja, matsalar ƙarancin ruwa na ƙara tsananta tun bayan shigowar lokacin rani. Yankuna kamar Maitama, Asokoro, Life Camp, Wuye da Jahi na cikin waɗanda suka fi fuskantar matsalar.
Haka kuma, yankunan wajen birni kamar Jiwa, Gwagwa, Idu, Abaji, Bwari, Gwagwalada da Kuje na fama da matsalar, inda mazauna ke dogaro da masu sayar da ruwa.
Rahotanni sun nuna cewa har ma da ofisoshin jakadanci, makarantu, coci da masallatai a tsakiyar Abuja sun rasa ruwan gwamnati na kwanaki da dama.
Mazauna yankuna kamar Gwagwa da Jiwa sun ce suna tafiya mai nisa domin ɗebo ruwa daga rafuka, yayin da farashin ruwa ya ƙaru sosai.
Wata mazauniya, Misis Ganiyat AbdulRasaƙ, ta ce:
“Wasu gidaje yanzu suna kashe kusan Naira 5,000 a rana kan ruwa, wanda ya kai kusan Naira 150,000 a wata. Albashinmu nawa ne?”
Wani jami’i a Hukumar Ruwa ta FCT ya bayyana cewa ƙarancin sinadaran tace ruwa da rashin gyaran dam ɗin Usuma na hana samar da ruwa yadda ya kamata.
A nasa ɓangaren, Ministan FCT, Nyesom Wike, ya yi alƙawarin faɗaɗa hanyoyin rarraba ruwa zuwa ƙananan garuruwa domin tabbatar da cewa kowa ya samu ruwa, tare da umarnin faɗaɗa aikin zuwa yankuna kamar Zuba da sauran ƙananan hukumomi nan da shekarar 2027.
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