Tashin farashin maganin zazzabin cizon sauro na kara tsananta matsin lambar lafiya da tattalin arziki ga ‘yan Nijeriya, yayin da mutane da dama ke fama da wahalar biyan kudin jinya.
Ga yawancin iyalai, maganin zazzabin cizon sauro ba wai kawai ya danganta da samun asibiti ba ne, har ma da ikon biyan kudin magani.
Wannan lamari na da matukar tayar da hankali, domin bisa rahoton zazzabin cizon sauro na shekarar 2025 na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), Nijeriya na daukar kashi 27 cikin 100 na dukkan masu kamuwa da cutar a duniya da kuma kashi 31 cikin 100 na mace-mace.
Kidddigar ta nuna cewa kimanin mutum 610,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a duniya a shekarar 2024, inda Nijeriya ta kai kimanin tsakanin 184,800 zuwa 195,000 daga cikin adadin.
Haka kuma, Nijeriya ta dauki kashi 38.6 cikin 100 na mace-macen yara ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar a duniya sakamakon cutar, inda cutar ke haddasa kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na mace-macen yara da kuma kashi 11 cikin 100 na mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a duk shekara a kasar.
Bugu da kari, an samu rahoton sama da miliyan 24 na kamuwar cutar a Nijeriya cikin watanni tara na farko na shekarar 2025 kadai.
A daidai lokacin da mafi yawan ‘yan Nijeriya ke fuskantar tsadar rayuwa, samun cikakken magani ga wannan cuta mai hadari na kara zama mai wahala ga iyalai da dama.
Binciken LEADERSHIP Weekend ya nuna cewa jinyar mutum daya da ya kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro a manyan asibitoci na gwamnati na kaiwa tsakanin Naira 7,000 zuwa 17,000, wanda ya hada da kudin ganin likita, gwaji da kuma magunguna.
Adadin kudin na iya bambanta gwargwadon tsanani da irin magungunan da aka rubuta.
Duba da halin tattalin arziki a kasar, wannan kudin ya yi tsada ga ‘yan Nijeriya da dama, musamman mazauna unguwannin marasa galihu a birane da kuma karkara, wanda hakan ke tilasta wasu jinkirta jinya ko neman wasu hanyoyin magani masu rahusa da ka iya zama marasa inganci ko kuma masu hadari.
Nyanya wata karamar unguwa ce da ke karkashin Babban Birnin Tarayya, Abuja, mai nisan kusan kilomita 10 daga tsakiyar birnin.
A Asibitin Gwamnati na Nyanya da ke Abuja, wata uwa da ta kai ‘yarta domin jinya ta ce iyalinsu sun sha fama da kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro sau da dama cikin wata guda.
“An bukace mu mu yi gwajin cikakken jini da kuma gwajin zazzabin cizon sauro. Na kashe sama da Naira 30,000 wajen jinyar zazzabin cizon sauro a cikin watan da ya gabata,” in ji ta cikin takaici.
Da yake mafi karancin albashi a Nijeriya ya kai Naira 70,000, iyalai da dama na cewa jinyar zazzabin cizon sauro ta zama mai tsada fiye da karfinsu.
Ga iyali mai mutum hudu ko biyar, jimillar kudin gwaje-gwaje, ganin likita da sayen magunguna na iya zarce albashin wata guda lamarin da ke tura mutane da dama zuwa amfani da hadin ganyayyaki, wanda aka fi sani da “agbo”.
A wani gari da ke kewaye da Babban Birnin Tarayya, Kurudu, mazauniyar Abuja Rita Aminu ta nuna wa wakilinmu sakamakon gwajinta wanda ya nuna tana dauke da cutar sosai. Ta ce a baya ta kashe Naira 2,300 da kuma 1,800 kan magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro a makonnin da suka gabata, bayan alamomin cutar na dawowa akai-akai.
“Na yi mamaki ganin cewa har yanzu sakamakon ya nuna cutar na da yawa,” in ji ta.
Gwajin ya kashe mata Naira 2,500 a wani dakin gwaje-gwaje mai zaman kansa, wanda ya kai jimillar kudinta zuwa Naira 6,600.
Ta ce bayan ta kai sakamakon wurin wata jinya da ke gudanar da kantin magani a kusa, an gaya mata cewa tana bukatar allurai, kwayoyi da kuma paracetamol, wanda kudinsu ya kai Naira 10,000.
“Ina jiran karshen wata ne idan na karbi albashi kafin in iya sayen su,” in ji ta.
A halin yanzu, jikinta za ta ci gaba da fama da kwayar cutar har sai ta samu damar samun kudin sayen magani.
Wani masanin dakin gwaje-gwaje a wani babban asibitin Abuja, wanda ya nemi a sakaya sunansa, ya shaida wa LEADERSHIP Weekend cewa gwajin zazzabin cizon sauro mafi inganci (microscopy) yanzu yana kaiwa Naira 2,000 a asibitocin gwamnati na FCT.
Ya kara da cewa duk da cewa kayan gwajin gaggawa (RDT) da gwamnati ke samarwa ya kamata su zama kyauta, yawancin ma’aikatan lafiya na kauce wa amfani da su saboda rashin ingancinsu.
“An tsara RDT ya zama kyauta saboda gwamnati ke samar da shi, amma gaskiya kayan ba su da inganci sosai. Muna kokarin guje musu domin suna iya jawo kuskuren ganewar cuta,” in ji shi.
Wani likitan hada magunguna, Timothy Yakubu, ya shaida wa LEADERSHIP Weekend cewa a ‘yan shekarun baya, “za ka iya jinyar zazzabin cizon sauro da kasa da Naira 1,500. Yanzu magani mai kyau ya kai Naira 2,500 zuwa sama. Mafi araha yanzu Naira 2,500 ne. A da yana tsakanin Naira 500 ko 700. Mafi tsada yana tsakanin Naira 1,500 zuwa 1,700. Amma yanzu mafi karanci da za ka samu shi ne Naira 2,500, wasu kuma suna kaiwa Naira 3,000, 4,000 har zuwa Naira 7,000,” in ji shi.
A cewarsa, allurar artemether da ake yawan amfani da ita, wato Emal, yanzu farashinta ya kai Naira 7,000, daga Naira 5,000 da take a baya.
Tsohon shugaban Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN), reshen FCT, Mista Ifeanyi Ikebudu, ya ce farashin magunguna, ciki har da na zazzabin cizon sauro, na ci gaba da karuwa duk da rangwamen harajin shigo da kaya da gwamnatin tarayya ta bayar kwanan nan.
Ikebudu ya shaida wa LEADERSHIP Weekend cewa halin farashin ya yi daidai da yadda hauhawar farashi ke gudana a kasar, domin rangwamen bai riga ya haifar da saukar farashin manyan magunguna ba.
“Magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro a Nijeriya suna kamar sauran abubuwa ne. Duk da cewa darajar canjin kudi ta sauka kuma gwamnati ta bayar da rangwame kwanan nan, har yanzu bai sauka zuwa manyan magunguna ba.
“Da hauhawar farashi da sauran matsin tattalin arziki, farashin magunguna na ci gaba da karuwa, kuma magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro ba su kebanta ba,” in ji shi.
A cewarsa, magungunan hadin artemisinin (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy – ACT) su ne mafi inganci wajen magance zazzabin cizon sauro a Nijeriya, inda hadin artemether–lumefantrine shi ne aka fi amfani da shi. Ya kara da cewa farashinsu na bambanta sosai.
“Matsakaicin farashin artemether–lumefantrine yana tsakanin Naira 700 zuwa Naira 9,000, gwargwadon kamfani da kuma wuri. Farashi na bambanta daga yanki zuwa yanki,” in ji shi.
Da yake nuna takaici cewa zamanin samun rangwamen jinyar zazzabin cizon sauro ya wuce, Ikebudu ya tunatar da shirin Affordable Medicines for Malaria (AMFm) da aka aiwatar a zamanin Olusegun Obasanjo, wanda ya taimaka wajen rage farashin ga masu saye.
Ya ce tsadar magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro na faruwa ne sakamakon karfin kasuwa, musamman ganin yawancin ‘yan Nijeriya na biyan kudin magani daga aljihunsu saboda karancin tsarin inshorar lafiya.
Ya kara da cewa hatta kamfanonin cikin gida suna fuskantar matsalar tsadar sinadaran hada magunguna (APIs), da kuma tsadar wutar lantarki da sauran kalubalen samarwa.
“Matukar ba mu da dorewar samar da sinadaran hada magunguna (API) a cikin gida, farashi zai ci gaba da kasancewa mai tsada. Ko da an bayar da rangwame, sauran kudade kamar na wutar lantarki da sufuri na sanya magunguna su yi tsada,” in ji shi.
Ikebudu ya kuma nuna damuwa kan karuwar juriya ga magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ya danganta da kuskuren gano cuta, rashin kammala shan magani da kuma amfani da magunguna ba daidai ba.
“Ba kowace zazzabi ba ce zazzabin cizon sauro. Mutane na shan magani ba tare da yin gwaji ba, kuma ko da sun samu maganin da ya dace, da yawa ba sa kammala shan kwayoyin. Magungunan ACT ana shan su na kwanaki uku, amma da zarar alamomi sun ragu bayan kashi na farko, wasu marasa lafiya kan daina. Wannan na janyo juriya domin sauran kwayoyin cutar su kara karfi,” ya yi gargadi.
Ikebudu ya kuma koka kan yawaitar magungunan jabu, wadanda suka kare, da kuma haramtattu da ke yawo a kasuwa.
“Wasu ‘yan kasuwa na canza ranar karewar magani domin kauce wa asara. Wasu kuma na shigo da haramtattun magunguna, kuma ‘yan Nijeriya da dama ba sa kula da wadannan matsaloli. Magungunan da aka janye har yanzu ana sayar da su, wanda ke haddasa illa mai yawa,” in ji shi.
Masannin hada magungunan ya shawarci ‘yan Nijeriya da su rika sayen magunguna daga kantunan magani masu rajista, inda ake kula da yadda ake adana su da kuma ingancinsu.
Ya kuma lura cewa kudin jinya na bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri.
“Farashin magunguna a yankuna kamar Asokoro ko Maitama ba zai zama iri daya da na Nyanya ba. Farashi na da alaka da wurin da ake saye kuma yana da matukar bambanci,” in ji shi.
Asokoro da Maitama unguwanni ne masu alfarma a Abuja.
Ikebudu ya jaddada bukatar yin sahihin gwaji, amfani da magunguna yadda ya dace da kuma karfafa dokoki da sa ido domin rage juriya ga magani tare da tabbatar da ingantacciyar jinyar zazzabin cizon sauro a fadin kasa.
Da yake danganta tashin farashin magunguna da tsadar gudanar da kasuwanci, wani mai sayar da magungunan gargajiya a Jike-jike, wata unguwa a cikin FCT, Ekene Akachukwu, ya shaida wa LEADERSHIP Weekend cewa yanzu magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro a shagonsa na sayarwa tsakanin Naira 1,000 zuwa 5,000, gwargwadon iri.
Ya ce tsadar na faruwa ne sakamakon karin kudin gudanarwa kamar haya, man fetur da sufuri.
A cewarsa, yawancin kayan sayarwarsa na fitowa ne daga Onitsha, wanda hakan ke kara kudin jigilar su zuwa Abuja.
“Shagona yana biyan Naira 200,000 a da. A karshen shekarar da ta gabata, mai gida ya kara kudin haya da kashi 100 cikin 100; yanzu ya zama Naira 400,000.
“Haka kuma ina kashe kudi mai yawa a kan man fetur saboda rashin wutar lantarki. Duk wadannan kudade suna tasiri a kan farashin magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro,” in ji shi.
Duk da karuwar yawan masu kamuwa da cutar, yanayin muhalli a yawancin matsugunan marasa galihu a FCT na ci gaba da haifar da yawaitar sauro.
A wata al’umma a Jikwoyi Phase 2, ruwan da ke tsayawa wuri guda, toshewar magudanan ruwa da kuma wari mai kazanta na samar da muhallin da sauro ke hayayyafa.
Abin da ya kara muni shi ne, ilimi kan cutar bai wadatar ba, inda wasu kananan ‘yan kasuwa a yankin suka ce ba su san cewa sauro ne ke haddasa zazzabin cizon sauro ba.
Lokacin da aka tambaye su ko suna amfani da gidan sauro mai maganin kashe kwari, daya daga cikinsu, Peter Asabe, ta ce ta daina amfani da wanda aka ba ta kyauta.
“Yana haddasa zafi,” in ji ta.
Da yake bayyana tsaftar muhalli a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi yin watsi da su amma masu matukar muhimmanci wajen kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, Babban Daraktan Society for Family Health, Dakta Omokhudu Idogho, ya bukaci a kara kaimi wajen tsaftace muhalli, rarraba gidajen sauro masu dauke da maganin kashe kwari (ITNs) akai-akai, da kuma karfafa shigar al’umma cikin yaki da cutar, yana mai cewa dole ne cibiyoyin gargajiya da na addini su taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Sai dai ya ce kungiyarsu na jin dadin yadda ake samun ci gaba a kasar, yana mai nuni da sabbin bayanai daga binciken Malaria Indicator Cluster Surbey, wanda ya nuna cewa yawan masu kamuwa da cutar ya ragu daga kashi 22 cikin 100 zuwa kashi 15 cikin 100.
Ya bayyana wannan raguwa a matsayin “abin farin ciki”, amma ya jaddada cewa ragowar kashi 15 cikin 100 din na nufin miliyoyin ‘yan Nijeriya ne, musamman mata da yara ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar, har yanzu na cikin hadari.
“Duk da cewa wannan raguwa abin murna ce, yana da muhimmanci mu tuna da yawan mata da yara da ke mutuwa sakamakon zazzabin cizon sauro. A gare mu, taken Ranar Zazzabin Cizon Sauro ta Duniya ta bana, ‘An kuduri aniyar kawo karshen zazzabin cizon sauro,’ ya yi daidai da manufarmu. Mun san abin da ya kamata mu yi shi ne mu ci gaba da kokari har mu kammala aikin,” in ji shi.
Dakta Idogho ya kuma lura cewa yawan cutar na bambanta sosai tsakanin jihohi, inda wasu ke kusa da matakin kawar da cutar gaba daya (kasa da kashi 2 cikin 100), yayin da wasu kuma har yanzu suke da yawa.
Ana gudanar da ranar Cutar Maleriya ta Duniya a duk duniya a ranar 25 ga Afrilu domin wayar da kai kan yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro, cutar da har yanzu ke zama babbar barazana ga lafiyar jama’a, musamman a nahiyar Afirka.
Baya ga nauyin da take da shi ga lafiya, zazzabin cizon sauro na kuma jefa iyalai cikin matsin tattalin arziki, musamman ma wadanda ke fama da talauci da tsadar rayuwa.
WHO ta bayyana cewa zazzabin cizon sauro cuta ce da kwayar parasite ke haddasawa, wadda ake yada ta ga mutane ta hanyar cizon macen sauro mai dauke da cutar ta jinsin Anopheles. Ba kamar mura ko COBID-19 ba, ba a yada cutar daga mutum zuwa mutum kai tsaye.
Sai dai a wasu lokuta masu wuya, ana iya kamuwa da ita ta hanyar karin jini ko allurai masu dauke da cuta.
Hukumar ta jaddada cewa ana iya kauce wa kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar amfani da gidajen sauro masu dauke da maganin kashe kwari, feshi a cikin gida, da kuma amfani da magungunan rigakafi da na jinya.
Ta kuma kara da cewa fara jinya da wuri na iya hana cutar ta rikide zuwa mai tsanani.
“Yin gwaji da fara jinya da wuri ita ce hanya mafi kyau ta ceton rayuka,” in ji kungiyar, tana mai kira da a ci gaba da zuba jari a fannin rigakafi, jinya da wayar da kan jama’a.
A halin yanzu, LEADERSHIP Weekend ta ruwaito cewa Ma’aikatar Lafiya da Jin Dadin Jama’a ta kaddamar da tsarin Adbisory on Malaria Elimination in Nigeria (AMEN) a shekarar 2024.
Ministan Lafiya da Jin Dadin Jama’a, Farfesa Ali Pate, ya bayyana AMEN a matsayin wani babban mataki na magance abin da ya kira “matsala mai sarkakiya” da ta dade tana kawo cikas ga ingancin lafiyar al’umma da ci gaban tattalin arzikin Nijeriya.
“Zazzabin cizon sauro na ci gaba da yin illa mai yawa ga kasarmu. Nijeriya na daukar kashi 27 cikin 100 na masu kamuwa da cutar a duniya da kuma kashi 31 cikin 100 na mace-mace. A shekarar 2022 kadai, sama da yara 180,000 ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar sun mutu sakamakon wannan cuta da za a iya kauce mata,” in ji shi.
Farfesa Pate ya kuma bayyana tasirin tattalin arziki, yana mai kiyasin cewa zazzabin cizon sauro na janyo asarar sama da Dala biliyan 1.1 a kowace shekara sakamakon raguwar aiki.
“Wannan ya wuce matsalar lafiya kawai. Yana rage yawan aiki, yana kara talauci da kuma kara kudin jinya da mutane ke biya daga aljihunsu,” in ji shi.
Idan za a iya tunawa Nijeriya ta samu kusan allurai miliyan daya na rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro a shekarar 2024, wanda aka fara amfani da su a jihohin Kebbi da Bayelsa, da aka gano a matsayin wuraren da cutar ta fi yawa a kasar.
Da yake magana kan haka, shugaban sashen wayar da kai da sadarwa a National Malaria Elimination Programme na Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayya, Mista Raphael Onyilo, ya shaida wa LEADERSHIP Weekend cewa bayan gwajin farko na rigakafin a Kebbi da Bayelsa, yanzu an fadada shi zuwa jihohi hudu, inda aka kara Ondo da Bauchi.
Game da gidajen sauro kuwa, ya bayyana cewa gwamnati na kara kaimi wajen rarraba su, musamman ga masu rauni kamar mata masu juna biyu da yara.
“A matsayin wani bangare na ayyukanmu na Ranar Zazzabin Cizon Sauro ta Duniya, muna rarraba gidajen sauro ga mata masu juna biyu da yara. A ranar Juma’a da Lahadi da suka gabata, mun kuma gudanar da wayar da kai a masallatai da coci-coci inda aka raba gidajen sauro,” in ji shi.
Onyilo ya kara da cewa an kuma bayar da gwaji da jinya kyauta a lokacin wadannan shirye-shiryen.
Jami’in na NMEP ya kuma bayyana cewa ana shirin gudanar da manyan kamfen na rarraba gidajen sauro a wasu jihohi a bana karkashin shirye-shiryen tallafi daban-daban.
Ya ce a karkashin shirin da Global Fund ke tallafawa, za a gudanar da rabon gidajen sauro a jihohin Kwara, Osun da Adamawa.
Haka kuma, wani shiri da Bankin Duniya ke tallafawa zai jagoranci irin wadannan kamfen a FCT, Borno da Abia.
Talakawan Nijeriya sun koma amfani da maganin gargajiya saboda farashin magani ya yi tashin gwauron zabi
A cikin Mpape, Abuja, a lokacin faduwar rana, wata mata mai shekaru 36, Aisha Bello, tana tafasa ganyen neem, ganyen danya (bitter leaf) da kuma lemongrass.
Danta mai shekara bakwai, Usman, yana kwance a kan tabarma cikin zazzabi mai zafi.
“Coartem yanzu Naira 5,000 ne,” in ji ta. “A makon da ya gabata ko Naira 500 ban da ita. Ta yaya zan samu 5,000?”
Kamar sauran talakawan Nijeriya da dama, ta koma amfani da magungunan gargajiya da kakanninta suka gada.
Farashin maganin zazzabin cizon sauro na Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT), wanda WHO ta ayyana a matsayin maganin farko na zazzabin cizon sauro, ya ninka sau uku cikin watanni 12.
Binciken da aka yi a kantunan magani 30 a Abuja, Legas da Kano a wannan makon ya nuna cewa cikakken magani yanzu yana tsakanin Naira 4,800 zuwa 5,200, daga Naira 1,500 da yake a watan Afrilu 2025.
Rahoton hauhawar farashi na Maris 2026 na National Bureau of Statistics ya nuna cewa farashin magunguna ya karu da kashi 41.2 cikin 100 a shekara guda.
“Kashi 80 na sinadaran hada magungunanmu na fitowa daga waje, kuma darajar Naira na ci gaba da faduwa,” in ji Farfesa Cyril Usifoh, Shugaban Kungiyar Masu Harhada Magunguna ta Nijeriya.
Ga iyalai da ke rayuwa kan mafi karancin albashi na Naira 70,000 (kimanin Naira 2,333 a rana), lissafin yana da matukar wahala.
“Marasa lafiya na tambayar farashi su juya su tafi. Wasu ma suna sayen kwaya biyu maimakon 24,” in ji Chinedu Okoro, wani likitan hada magunguna a Mararaba.
Mararaba da Nyanya garuruwa ne da ke kan iyakar Abuja da Jihar Nasarawa, inda Mararaba ke cikin Nasarawa.
Bayanan shagonsa sun nuna cewa sayar da magungunan ACT ya ragu da kashi 38 cikin 100 tsakanin farkon 2025 zuwa farkon 2026.
Karuwar amfani da magungunan gargajiya
A kasuwar Nyanya, wata mai sayar da magungunan gargajiya, Mama Kemi, na sayar da maganin zazzabin cizon sauro a kan Naira 300 kowace jaka.
“Yanzu ina ganin iyaye mata, direbobi, har ma dalibai,” in ji ta.
Wani bincike na 2024 daga National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Debelopment ya nuna cewa kashi 62 cikin 100 na samfurorin magungunan gargajiya a FCT na dauke da tsirran da ke da ikon yaki da kwayar maleriya.
Sai dai Daraktan Janar na NIPRD, Dr Obi Adigwe, ya yi gargadin cewa “idan ba a daidaita inganci lamarin ba, ana iya samun rashin isasshen magani ko juriya ga cuta, ko kuma cutar hanta.”
Likitoci na ganin sakamakon
Dr Sadik Raji ya ce yawan shigar yara ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar asibiti sakamakon zazzabin cizon sauro mai tsanani ya karu da kashi 22 cikin 100 tsakanin Janairu zuwa Maris 2026 idan aka kwatanta da bara.
Bayanan Ma’aikatar Lafiya sun nuna cewa kashi 19 cikin 100 kawai na ‘yan Nijeriya da ke da zazzabin cizon sauro ne ke samun ACT cikin awanni 24 a shekarar 2025, daga kashi 27 cikin 100 da aka samu a 2022.
“Maganin da ya kai Naira 5,000 ana iya samun sa a asibiti ya kai Naira 50,000,” in ji Raji, yana mai jaddada bukatar yin neman magani da wuri..
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