Masana sun bayyana cewa, rashin iya tafiyar da arzikin Nijeriya a shekarun da suka gabata sune dalilan da suka haifar da manyan matsalolin tattalin arzikin da ake fuskanta a wannan lokacin.
Kafin shekarar 2015, kasar nan ta samu kudin shiga na biliyoyin daloli. Tattalin arzikin Nijeriya ya bunkasa da kashi 12.7 a tsakanin shekarun 2012 da 2013. A shekarar 2013, ya yi bunkasar da ta kai na Dala Biliyan 270 zuwa Dala Biliyan 510 wanda hakan ya sa ta zama tattalin arziki mafi girma a Afirka.
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Karin kashi 90 da aka samu a tattalin arzikin ya samu ne saboda shigowar bangaren kimiyyar sadarwa, fina-fnai da sauran harkokin kasuwancin da ba a bayar da rahottaninsu ba a da.
Amma kuma kididdgar da aka yi na tsawon shekara 10 wadda wata kafar sadarwar ta gudanar ya nuna yadda a tsakanin shekarar 2013 zuwa 2023, aka samu gagarumin hauhawsar farashin kayayyakin masarufi a sassan Nijeriya.
Cikin manyan matakan da suka haifar da karayar tattalin arzikin Nijeriya sun kuma hada da:
Karyewar Darajar Naira
A daidai lokacin da ake fuskantar hauhawar farashin kayan abinci sai gashi kuma an fuskanci karayar darajar naira, ana kuma rungumar takardar dala fiye da naira, abin ya kai ga gaba daya Nijeriya na dogaro ne dala wajen shigo da kayan abincin bukatar al’umma, tsananin yadda ake bukatar dala ya sanya aka fuskanci karyewar darajar nairar gaba daya.
A kididdigar da CBN ya gudanar ya nuna cewa, a shekarar 2013, ana samun dala a kan naira 159.3 daga nan ya tashi zuwa Naira 164.9 a kan dala a shekarar 2014, daga nan ya tashi zukwa naira 195.5 a shekarar 2015.
Ys kuma tashi zuwa naira 253.5 a 2016; Naira 305.7 a 2016; Naira 306 a 2017; Naira 306.9 a 2018; Naira 358 a 2020; Naira 435 a 2021; Naira 461 a shekarar 2022 daga nan ya kai naira 900 a shekarar 2023.
Farashin kayan abinci ya tashi da kashi 186
Tsadar kayan abinci a sassan kasar nan ya durkusar tare da rage abin da ‘yan Nijeriya za su iya ajiyewa daga cikin abin da suke samu a matsayin kudin shiga.
Kididdiga daga CBN ya nuna cewa an samu karuwan farashi da kashi 9.7 a shekarar 2013. Ya kuma ragu da kashi 9.4 a 2014, ya kuma sake tashi da kashi 9.8 a shekarar 2015. Ya kuma yi tashin gwauron zabo zuwa kashi 14.8 a shekarar 2016. A shekarar 2017, yana matsayin kashi 19.5, daga nan ya yi kasa zuwa kashi 14.4 a 2018 ya kuma kai kashi 13.7 a shekara 2019.
Wadannan matasalolin suka haifar da tsadar shinkafa. Shinkafa wanda abinci ne da al’umma ke amfani da shi, ya yi tashin da ba a taba gani ba a ‘yan shekarun nan, ta yadda a halin yanzu mafi karancin albashin ma’akatan Nijeriya ba zai iya saya musu buhun shinkafa ba.
Farashin ya faro ne daga Naira 12,000 a shekarar 2013, sai ya dawo Naira 10,000 a 2014 har zuwa 2015 daga na ya tashi zuwa Naira 13,000 a 2016. A halin yanzu farashin buhun shinkafa ya tashi zuwa naira 40,000 a 2022; Naira 60,000 2023 yanzu yana fiye da Naira 70,000 a kasuwanin sassan kasar nan. Irin wannan tashin farashin ya shafi kusan dukkan kayan abincin da ake hulda da su a kasar nan, kamar fulawa, masara. Lamarin tashin farashi ya kuma shafi siminti, inda aka samu karin kashi 150 a cikin shekara 10.
Cikin abubuwan da suka haifar da tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin al’umma sun hada da karin farashin albarkatun man fetur. An sayar da litar mai a kan Naira 97 a shekarar 2013; amma ya yi tashin gwauron zabi zuwa Naira 617 a kan lita daya a halin yanzu.
Masana sun dora alhakin matsalar tattalin arzikin kasa a kan rashin aiwatar da dukkan abubuwan da aka shirya aka kuma tanada a kasafin kudi, wannan kuma yana ci gaba da jefa al’umma a cikin matsala rayuwa. A kan haka ya kamata gwamnati ta gagguta daukar matakan da suka kamata don kawo karshen wahalhalun da al’umma ke fuskanta.
