Yawan aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ya karu a duniya kamar yadda alkaluman da hukumar kare hakkin dan’adam ta duniya ta Amnesty International ta fitar suka nuna.
Kungiyar ta samu alkaluma 1,153 na kisan a 2023, karin kashi 31 cikin dari daga kisa 883 da aka tabbatar sun wanzu a 2022.
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Wadannan su ne alkaluma mafiya girma da kungiyar ta Amnesty International ta tattara tun 2015, lokacin da aka aiwatar da hukuncin kisa kan mutum 1,634.
Babbar Sakatariyar kungiyar ta Amnesty Agnès Callamard ta bayyana cewa tashin gwauron zabi da aka samu na yawan aiwatar da hukuncin kisan yawanci ya kasance ne a Iran.
Ta ce hukumomin Iran suna nuna rashin mutunta rayuwar dan’adam, inda suke aiwatar da hukuncin kisa hatta a kan laifukan da suke da alaka da miyagun kwayoyi, tana mai karin bayani da cewa wannan na nuni da yadda hukumomin Iran ke nuna wariya ga al’ummar kasar mai rauni.
Duk da cewa rahoton ya nuna cewa Iran ta aiwatar da yawancin hukuncin kisan kan akalla mutum 853, Amnesty na ganin cewa China ce ta fi aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a duniya.
Duk da cewa babu wasu alkaluma da China ta fitar na aiwatar da hukuncin kisa to amma kiyasin Amnesty ya nuna dubban mutane aka kashe a kasar a shekarar da ta wuce.
Amnesty ta kuma lura cewa hukuncin kisa da aka yanke a duniya ya karu da kashi 20 cikin dari a 2023.
Wannan shi ne hukuncin kisa mafi yawa da aka yanke tun 2018.
Wadanne kasashe ne suka fi aiwatar da hukuncin kisa?
Amnesty ta ce kasashe biyar da suka fi aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a 2023 su ne, China, da Iran, da Saudiyya, da Somalia da kuma Amurka.
Iran kadai tana da kashi 74 cikin dari, yayin da Saudi Arabia take da kashi 15 cikin dari.
To amma a kan China, Amnesty, ta ce ba ta da alkaluma da hukumomi suka fitar, kamar yadda ba ta da su daga Koriya ta Arewa da Bietnam, da Syria, da Yankin Falsdinawa da kuma Afghanistan.
Kasashe nawa ne suka soke aiwatar da hukuncin kisa?
Yawan kasashen da suka soke hukuncin kisa ya karu daga 48 a1991 zuwa 112 a 2023.
Kasashe tara sun aiwatar da hukuncin a kan manyan laifuka, yayin da kasashe 23 da suke da dokar ba su aiwatar da hukuncin ba a cikin akalla shekara 10.
Ta yaya kasashen duniya ke aiwatar da hukuncin kisan?
Akwai hanyoyi hudu mafiya shahara wadanda ake bi wajen aiwatar da hukuncin a 2023, inda Saudiyya ce kadai ke fille kai.
Kasashe bakwai suna amfani da rataya, shida ta hanyar harbi, yayin da uku suka yi amfani da allurar guba a bara.
Babban Jami’in Majalisar Duniya Mai Kula da Kare Hakkin Dan’adam Bolker Türk ya ce, abu ne mai wuya a iya danganta aiwatar da hukuncin kisa da mutunta dan’adam, da ‘yancin rayuwa na mutum, da yin rayuwar da ba ta da azabtarwa ko gana akuba ko kaskantarwa ko kuma hukunta mutum.
Wanke mutum daga laifi
Wanke mutum, shi ne bayan an yanke masa hukuncin kisa, ya daukaka kara kuma bai yi nasara ba, yayin da yake zaman jiran aiwatar da hukuncin, sai daga baya a wanke shi daga laifin a kuma sallame shi da cewa ba shi da laifi a hukumance.
Amnesty International ta samu irin wannan har guda tara a kasashe uku inda aka wanke fursunonin da aka yanke wa hukuncin kisa amma daga baya aka wanke su. Kasashen su ne : Kenya (mutum 5), Amurka (mutum 3), Zimbabwe (mutum1).
Masu rajin kare hakkin dan’adam na yaki da yanke wa mutane hukuncin kisa, domin nuna aibun yanayin da ake samu na wanke mutum bayan an riga an aiwatar da hukuncin wato an kashe mutum.
Hukuncin kisa domin zama darasi
Ofishin kare hakkin dan’adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce, kasashe suna yin hukuncin kisa ne domin ya zama darasi- wato hana mutane aikata laifi.
Abin da yawancin masana kimiyyar halayyar dan’adam suka yi amanna da shi shi ne cewa yarda da cewa hukuncin kisa na hana aikata laifi, babu shaida da ta tabbatar da haka a cewar masanan.
Wasu sun ce abin da ke hana yawanci aikata laifi shi ne yuwuwar kama mutum da kuma hukunta shi.
A shekara ta 1988 an gudanar da wani bincike ga Majalisar dinkin duniya domin gano alakar hukuncin kisa da yawan kisan kai. An kuma sabunta wannan a 1996. Daga nan ne aka amince da cewa bincike ya kasa tabbatar da shaida ta kimiyya cewa hukuncin kisa ya fi tasiri a kan daurin rai da rai.
Tasirin hukunci kisa a zukatan yara
A 2010, kasashe14, da suka hada da Algeria, da Argentina, da Kazakhstan, da Medico da kuma Turkiyya, sun hadu suka kafa wata hukuma da ke yaki da hukuncin kisa.
Hukumar ta kara fadada zuwa kasashe 24 da suka hada da Birtaniya da Kanada da Australia, da Jamus da Togo.
A cikin rahoton da ta fitar a baya-bayan nan, hukumar ta jaddada cewa, yara na fuskantar barazanar kisa a kasashe da dama, duk da yarjejeniyar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan hakkin yara, ta haramta yin hakan. Yarjejeniyar na aiki a kasashe 196.
Kungiyar Kwararrun Masana Halayyar Dan’adam (APA) ta yi kira ga jihohin Amurka su haramta aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ga duk dan kasa da shekara 21.
APA ta rubuta cewa: “Bisa ga yanayin kimiyya da ake ciki a yanzu, ba za a iya cewa kwakwalwar ’yan shekara 18 zuwa 20 ta bambanta da na ’yan shekara 17 ba.”
Ta ci gaba da cewa: “Halayen kuruciyar matasa na tabbatar da rashin zartar da hukuncin kisa a kan yara masu shekaru 16 da 17 suna cikin ’yan shekara 18 zuwa 20.”
Ba kawai yara abin ya shafa ta hanyar kisa ba. “Ba kamar sauran nau’in hukunce-hukuncen laifuka ba, zartar da hukuncin kisa ga iyaye na dadewa a zukatan yara,” in ji Hukumar.
