Afirka na saman jerin nahiyoyi da suka fi fuskantar juyin mulki tun shekarar 1950.
Kusan juyin mulki bakwai cikin goma da aka yi a duniya ya faru ne a nahiyar, a cewar alkaluma da masu bincike daga Amurka Jonathan Powell da Clayton Thyne suka tattara.
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Tun shekara ta 2000, kusan kashi uku na juyin mulki da aka samu sun faru ne a kasashen da Faransa ta yi wa mulkin mallaka.
Baki-daya, kasashen Afirka 45 ne suka fuskanci akalla yunkurin kifar da gwamnati sau daya.
1. Burkina Faso (Juyin Mulki Har Sau Takwas)
Burkina Faso ta fuskanci juyin mulki har sau goma, ciki har da guda biyu a 2022.
Cikin lokutan da aka yi juyin mulkin sun hada da na shekarar 1966, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1987, 2015 da kuma juyin mulki biyu a shekara ta 2022 wnada ya hambarar da Paul-Henri Damiba, inda Captain Ibrahim Traoré ya zo kan shugabanci.
Idan akwai juyin mulkin da mutane ba za su taba mantawa ba shi ne na ranar 15 ga watan Oktoban, 1987. A lokacin fada ya barke a fadar shugaban kasa tsakanin dan tawaye da kuma masu mubaya’a ga shugaban kasa.
Blaise Compaoré, wanda ya samu sabani da Thomas Sankara kan yadda za a kawo sauyin gwamnati, ya kwace iko da mulki a wani juyin mulki mai zafi. An kashe Sankara tare da wasu mukarrabansa 12.
A ranar 31 ga watan Oktoban 2014, aka hambarar da Blaise Compaoré bayan wani bore da mutane suka yi, bayan da shugaban ya yi yunkurin yi wa kundin mulki garambawul don ci gaba da zama kan mulki.
Tun bayan faduwar gwamnatin Compaoré, kasar ta fukanci kalubale iri-iri, musamman ma yaki da masu ikirarin jihadi da suka addabi kasar.
2. Saliyo (An samu nasarar juyin mulki Bakwai)
Saliyo tana da tarihin aika mata sojoji domin shiga tsakani, saboda rashin hadin kai da kuma rarrabuwa tsakanin sojojin kasar. Tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai, an yi ta samun juyin mulki.
Sojoji sun hambarar da gwamnatin Siaka Stebens ranar 21 ga watan Maris din, 1967. Jami’ai karkashin jagorancin Birgediya Dabid Lansana ne suka kifar da shi bai dade ba da samun nasara a zabe. Sojojin sun yi ikirarin cewa sun hambarar da shi ne saboda kaucewa rikicin bayan zabe. Juyin mulki na farko ya jefa kasar cikin rashin tabbas da zaman dar-dar da kuma shigar sojoji cikin siyasa.
Sai kuma juyin mulki na ranar 25 ga watan Mayun, 1997. Watanni kadan bayan yin zabe, wadanda suka sha kaye da kuma ke cike da bacin rai na ganin jam’iyyar SLPP ta hau kan mulki, ba su yi wata-wata ba suka kifar da gwamnatin wanda shugaban rundunar soji ta AFRC Johnny Paul Koroma ya jagoranta.
Koroma ya kifar da gwamnatin shugaba Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, inda ya hada kai da dan tawayen RUF.
Wannan juyin mulki na shida na daya daga cikin mafi muni da kasar ta fuskanta, abin da ya jefa birnin Freetown cikin rudani na tsawon watanni.
Tun 1997, kasar ba ta fuskanci wani juyin mulki ba. An gudanar da zaben gama-gari har sau hudu tun 1997, inda aka yi nasarar mika mulki biyu (2007,2008), abin da ya kara karfafa ingancin tsarin zaben kasar.
3. Uganda (An samu nasarar juyin mulki har sau Bakwai)
Uganda ta fuskanci juye-juyen mulki da dama, ciki har da wanda Milton Obote ya yi a shekara ta 1966 wanda ya kawo karshen shugabanci na tsarin sarauta da kuma na tarayya.
Wannan ya biyo juyin mulki da Idi Amin Dada ya yi a 1971, inda ya hambarar da Obote tare da kafa gwamnatinsa mai tsauri da kuma tsanani – ita ma gwamnatin an hambarar da ita lokacin yaki tsakanin Uganda da Tanzaniya.
An ci gaba da samun rashin daidaito tare da afkuwar wani juyin mulki a 1985 da ya sake hambarar da Obote, inda Yoweri Musebeni ya karbi iko a 1986 bayan yakin basasa.
Tun bayan hawan Musebeni kan mulki a 1986, ba a samu nasarar yin wani juyin mulki ba, duk da cewa an samu sabanin siyasa da kuma na soji da kuma garambawul na kundin mulki don ya ci gaba da mulki.
4. Mauritaniya (Juyin mulki Shida)
Mauritaniya ta fuskanci juyin mulki har sau shida tun shekara ta 1987. Kari kan wannan shi ne, akwai yunkurin juyin mulki da bai yi nasara ba da dama da aka samu, wasu ma masu muni. Sai dai ba a lissafa su cikin jerin juyin mulki saboda ba a yi nasara ba.
Juyin mulki na farko shi ne na ranar 10 ga watan Yulin 1978: Abin da ya kawo karshen gwamnatin Moktar Ould Daddah.
Kanal Mustafa Ould Salek ne ya jagoranci juyin mulkin na farko.
An hambarar da gwamnatin Daddah wanda ke kan mulki tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai. Kanal Salek ya kafa gwamnatin mulkin soji bayan kifar da gwamnatin.
Na karshe kuma ya afku ne ranar 6 ga watan Agustan, 2008: Hambarar da gwamnatin zababben shugaba Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi.
Kasa da shekara biyu da komawa mulkin farar hula, sojoji suka sake kwace iko.
Janar Abdel Aziz, tsohon shugaban rundunar tsaron shugaban kasa wanda aka kora, shi ne ya jagoranci kifar da gwamnatin Sidi.
Sojojin da suka yi juyin mulkin sun ce sun yi haka ne don kare kundin mulkin kasar bayan hambarar da su.
Daga nan ne majalisar shugabanni suka kwace iko. Daga baya Ould Abdel Aziz ya shirya zaben shugaban kasa, wanda ya lashe a 2009.
5. Sudan (Juyin mulki Shida)
Sudan ce kasar da ka fi yunkurin juyin mulki a nahiyar Afirka, inda aka yi yunkurin kifar da gwamnati har sau 17 tun 1952, sai dai sau shida kadai aka samu nasara.
Duka wadannan juyin mulki sun faru ne sakamakon rikice-rikice da sabani da kuma rugujewar tattalin arziki da aka samu – abin da ya taimakawa sojoji darewa saman shugabanci.
Kasar ta fuskanci mulkin sojoji da kuma matsala wajen sake mayar da gwamnati hannun farar hula – ga kuma rikice-rikicen siyasa, matsalar dan bindiga da kuma gaba tsakanin hukumomin tsaro.
Tun shekara ta 1958, sojoji sun yi ta shiga tsakani a can, abin da ya kai ga samun tarnaki a duk wani yunkuri na komawa mulkin dimokradiyya.
A 2019, aka hambarar da shugaba Omar al-Bashir, wanda yake kan mulki na tsawon shekaru, bayan zanga-zanga na tsawon watanni. Shi Bashir ya kwace iko ne a wani juyin mulki a 1989.
6. Burundi (An samu juyin mulki Biyar)
Tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga Belgium a 1962, Burundi ta fuskanci juyin mulki daban-daban, wanda yake alaka da rikicin kabilanci tsakanin dan kabilar Hutu da Tutsi da kuma kokarin iko tsakanin sojoji.
Burundi wadda ta kasance karamar kasa da ke gabashin Afirka, ta samu juyin mulki har sau biya kafin shekara ta 1965.
Tasirin juyin mulkin ya jefa kasar cikin yanayi mara kyau da kuma rashin tabbas. Kowane juyin mulki da aka yi ya janyo rikice-rikice wanda ya shafi al’ummar kasar.
Lamarin ya kuma shafi cigban tattalin arzikin kasar da kuma rashin samun cibiyoyin dimokradiyya masu karfi.
7. Mali (Juyin mulki Biyar)
Tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga Faransa a 1960, Mali ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen siyasa, abin da ya janyo juyin mulki daban-daban a kasar.
Ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamban, 1968, aka hambarar da gwamnatin Modibo Keita wanda wasu matasan sojoji suka yi tare da jagorancin laftanar-kanal Moussa Traoré.
Bayan zanga-zanga da ya janyo mutuwar gomman mutane, an hambarar da tsohon kanal din wanda ya zama janar ranar 26 ga watan Maris, 1991 – wanda Laftanar-kanal Amadou Toumani Touré ya yi.
Toumani ya kafa kwamitin mika mulki. A 1992, ya shirya zabuka na farko a tarihin Mali. Inda Alpha Oumar Konaré ya zama zababben shugaba na farko a kasar.
A watan Maris din, 2012: Captain Amadou Sanogo ya hambarar da shugaba Amadou Toumani Touré, watanni biyu kafin karewar wa’adinsa na biyu. Daga nan Mali ta fada cikin rikicin tsaro da ke alaka da dan tawayen Tuareg da ke arewacin kasar da kuma yaduwar masu ikirarin jihadi na Ansar Dine.
A ranar 18 ga Agustan 2020, aka hambarar da Ibrahim Boubacar Keita.
Kanal Assimi Goïta, wanda ya samu goyon bayan sojoji ya kwace iko a lokacin da matsalar tsaro da tattalin arziki suka ci gaba da tabarbarewa. Daga nan aka kafa gwamnatin rikon kwarya na soji.
A Maris 2021, Assimi Goita ya kifar da gwamnatin rikon kwaryar da ya taimaka aka kafa sannan ya kwace iko. Wannan shi ne juyin mulki na biyu da ya jagoranta kasa da shekara daya.
8. Nijar (Juyin mulki Biyar)
Jamhuriyar Nijar ta fuskanci juyin mulki sau biyar tun 1974, duka sun faru sakamakon rikice-rikicen siyasa, zanga-zanga da kuma matsin lambar sojoji.
Juyin mulki na farko ya faru ranar 15 ga watan Afrilun, 1974 lokacin da laftanar-kanal Seyni Kountché ya kifar da shugaba Hamani Diori, wanda aka zarga da cin hanci da kuma rashin kwarewa.
Sai kuma juyin mulki na ranar 27 ga Janairun 1999 wanda ya janyo kisan Janar Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, sannan sojoji karkashin jagorancin Daouda Malam Wanké suka karbe iko.
Wannan juyin mulki ya bude kofar komawa mulkin dimokradiyya, inda aka gudanar zabuka a shekarar.
Juyin mulki da kasar ta sake fuskanta shi ne na ranar 26 ga Yulin, 2023, wanda ya hambarar da gwamnatin Mohamed Bazoum. Janar Abdourahamane Tchiani, shugaban rundunar tsaron fadar shugaban kasa ya jagorancin kifar da mulkin Bazoum. Juyin mulkin ya zo ne daidai lokacin da ake samun karuwar matsalar tsaro sakamakon hare-haren masu ikirarin jihadi – wannan ne kuma juyin mulki na biyar da Nijar ta fuskanta tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai.
9. Nijeriya (Juyin mulki Biyar)
Tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai a 1960, Nijeriya ta samu juyin mulki har sau biyar.
Tsakanin shekara ta 1966 da kuma 1999, sojoji ne suka ci gaba da mulkar kasar, ban da lokacin da aka koma dimokradiyya na kankanin lokaci karkashin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).
Juyin mulki na farko ya afku ne ranar 5 ga watan Janairun, 1966. Laftanar-kanal Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu da wasu jami’ai ne suka jagorancin yin juyin mulkin.
An hambarar da zababben shugaba, Nnamdi Azikwe, da firaminista, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, tare da kashe wasu dan siyasa da dama.
Sai dai yunkurin juyin mulkin bai yi nasara ba.
Yunkurin juyin mulkin ya janyo rikice-rikicen kabilanci, musamman tsakanin yankunan arewaci wanda Hausawa suka fi yawa, da kuma kudanci, inda al’ummar Igbo suka fi rinjaye.
Juyin mulki na karshe da aka samu a Nijeriya , ya faru ne a 1993, kuma tun wancan lokaci babu wani yunkuri da aka sake samu a Jamhuriya ta Hudu, wanda ya mayar da tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa a cikin siyasar kasar a 1999.
10. Guinea-Bissau (Juyin mulki Hudu)
Guinea-Bissau, wata karamar kasa ce da ke yammacin Afirka, na cikin kasashen da suka fuskanci rashin daidaito na siyasa tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai. An samu juyin mulki sau hudu a tarihin kasar.
Tarihin siyasar Guinea ya nuna cewa shiga tsakani na sojoji yana cikin wani bangare muhimmi na iko, abin da ke janyo cikas ga dimokradiyya da kuma cigaba.
Sabon juyin mulki da aka samu a watan Nuwamban 2025, tuni ne cewa, duk da lokuta da aka dauka ana zama lafiya, lamarin ya nuna har yanzu akwai rashin daidaito na siyasa a kasar.
Mun ciro wannan rahoto daga BBC Hausa
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